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Multiplex PCR in Species Authentication: Probability and Prospects—A Review

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Abstract

Food forgery is one of the most articulated socio-economic concerns which contributed to increase people’s awareness on what they eat and how and where it is produced. Consumers are anxious about the consequences of food falsification on their choices, religious rituals, health, and hard-earned fortunes. The recent scandals of horse and rat meats in Europe and China have given us a brainstorming apprehension on the detection, differentiation, and identification of meat products. To restore consumers’ trust and protect wildlife in natural habitats, researchers and policy-making and policy-implementing authorities have massively monitored all steps in the production of foods and food materials. Analytical approaches based on lipids, proteins, and DNA have been proposed for the authentication of meat species under pure and complex matrices. However, protein and lipid-based methods are less effective since the target biomarkers could be modified throughout the processing treatments. On the other hand, DNA-based species identification schemes have gained wider acceptance and reliability because of the superior stability and universality of DNA in all tissues and cells. We systematically presented here major species detection schemes with special emphasis on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of both end-point and real-time platforms. We believe this short but comprehensive review would serve as a reference guide for the developers and users of multiplex PCR and others DNA-based techniques.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the University of Malaya research grant (UMRG) no. RG153-12AET to M. E. Ali for supporting this research.

Conflict of Interest

Md. Eaqub Ali declares that he received funding from the University of Malaya, intellectually supported the works and significantly edited the manuscript and he has no conflict of interest to publish this paper. Md. Abdur Razzak declares that he prepared the manuscript and he has no conflict of interest to publish this paper. Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid declares that she has no conflict of interest to publish this paper.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This study does not involve any handling of animals or live species and also does not have any contents with conflict of interest.

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  1. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NanoCat), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

    Md. Eaqub Ali, Md. Abdur Razzak & Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid

  2. Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

    Md. Eaqub Ali

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  1. Md. Eaqub Ali
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  2. Md. Abdur Razzak
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Ali, M.E., Razzak, M.A. & Hamid, S.B.A. Multiplex PCR in Species Authentication: Probability and Prospects—A Review. Food Anal. Methods 7, 1933–1949 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9844-4

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