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Biopolymers Synthesized by Microalgae Grown in Wastewater: a Technological Survey

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Abstract

The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding by surveying patent documents and scientific articles on current progress in obtaining biopolymers from microalgae grown in wastewater. Raising critical points, current market panorama, trends and perspectives for the implementation of the integrated microalgae biorefinery. The searches for articles and patents were carried out using the terms microalgae, algae, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polymer, and biopolymer. About 57 patents and 27 articles directly related to the topic were found. The USA is the country with the highest number of patents (32), followed by the Republic of Korea (12). Companies are the biggest depositors (50%). Currently, the focus of research is centered on increasing the efficiency of treatments, aiming at large-scale production. Scientific articles show that little has been researched on the extraction of biopolymers from microalgae grown in wastewater. The ability of microalgae to act in the bioremediation of effluents stands out, as well as in the production of bioproducts of industrial interest. However, there is a gap regarding the economic feasibility of implementing current methods to obtain biopolymers, due to the high cost of production (2 × current methods). In addition, more research must be carried out, seeking to evaluate the techno-economic scenario (focused currently on PHB) and bioprospecting new strains to implement the integrated biorefinery concept. These are strategies that could increase the profitability of this sector, and enabling the use of microalgae to obtain biopolymers from effluents is considered a key factor to promote an industrial shift.

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Funding

This work was supported by FAPESB—Research Support Foundation of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The CNPq—National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (Processes CNPq 44039/2019–3 and 134194/2019–5 and INCT-MIDAS CNPq 465594/2014–0) and CAPES—Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES–UFBA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, >Bahia, Brazil

    Ana Victória dos Santos Borges, Jamille Santos Santana, Ravena Maria de Almeida Medeiros, Denilson de Jesus Assis, Jania Betania Alves da Silva & Lucas Guimarães Cardoso

  2. Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, >Bahia, Brazil

    Bianca Bomfim Andrade

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, >Bahia, Brazil

    Jamille Santos Santana, Carolina Oliveira de Souza & Pedro Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares

  4. School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador, >Bahia, Brazil

    Denilson de Jesus Assis & Lucas Guimarães Cardoso

  5. Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Collegiate of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

    Jania Betania Alves da Silva

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AVSB, BBA, and LGC contributed to the conceptualization, method development, investigation, writing—original draft, and writing—revision and editing. PPLGT, JSS, RMAM, JBAS, DJA, and COS contributed to the formal analysis and writing—review and editing of the article.

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Correspondence to Lucas Guimarães Cardoso.

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dos Santos Borges, A.V., Andrade, B.B., Santana, J.S. et al. Biopolymers Synthesized by Microalgae Grown in Wastewater: a Technological Survey. Bioenerg. Res. 17, 73–86 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10680-w

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