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Management of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Biomass on Marginal Lands: II. Composition and Nutrient Balance

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Abstract

Organic fertilizers can improve soil health while providing nutrients for perennial grass growth for bioenergy feedstock, particularly under marginal soil conditions. The impact of organic fertilizer application on perennial grass composition needs clarification. Our objective was to evaluate feedstock composition, and N, P, and K dynamics of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)], and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) provided with either inorganic or organic fertilizer sources. Grasses were established on a sandy soil and a clay soil at the Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in Willsboro, NY. The experiment was a split-split plot randomization of a randomized block design with six replicates. Sites were whole plots, grass species were subplots, and fertility treatments were sub-subplots. Six treatments were (1) 168 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer for cool-season grasses; 84 kg ha−1 for switchgrass, (2) 56 kg ha−1 of 0-46-0 P fertilizer plus N (#1), (3) 112 kg ha−1 of 0-0-60 K fertilizer plus N (#1), (4) 89.6 Mg dairy manure ha−1, (5) 44.8 Mg dairy manure compost ha−1, and (6) a control without fertilizer. Organic fertilizers produced a net positive P and K balance, while other treatments had negative balances. Organic fertilizer treatments resulted in lower lignin and gross energy values, and higher total ash and Cl, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatments. Switchgrass biomass had higher fiber and gross energy, lower total ash, and much lower Cl content under organic fertilizer applications than cool-season grasses, making switchgrass a more desirable feedstock regardless of conversion process.

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Abbreviations

N:

Nitrogen

P:

Phosphorus

K:

Potassium

Ca:

Calcium

Mg:

Magnesium

Cl:

Chloride

GCV:

Gross calorific value or high heating value

ANR:

Apparent N recovery

TF:

Tall fescue

RC:

Reed canarygrass

SW:

Switchgrass

IN:

Inflorescence

LB:

Leaf blade

LS:

Leaf sheath

ST:

Stem

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Delvin Meseck and Adam Sayward for assistance with harvesting and plot maintenance. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Multistate project 218756. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) or the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    J. H. Cherney & K. M. Paddock

  2. Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Q. M. Ketterings & D. J. R. Cherney

  3. Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm, Willsboro, NY, 12996, USA

    M. Davis

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  1. J. H. Cherney
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Correspondence to J. H. Cherney.

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Cherney, J.H., Ketterings, Q.M., Davis, M. et al. Management of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Biomass on Marginal Lands: II. Composition and Nutrient Balance. Bioenerg. Res. 10, 969–978 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9870-3

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