Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is the common form of inflammatory oral disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in the progression of CP by degrading gingival tissue and its remodelling. Here, we conducted a case–control study to investigate a possible association of single-nucleotide polymorphism of MMP genes and their interaction with CP in the Indian population. A total of 357 DNA samples of venous blood was isolated, of which 157 were identified as CP patients and 200 were healthy individuals. Genoty** of six MMP genes (MMP1, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP12 and MMP13) was done using polymerase chain reaction following Sanger’s method of sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS v16.0, R package (SNPassoc). Gene–gene interactions were evaluated by MDR 3.0.2. The frequency of 6A allele of MMP3 \(-\)11715A-6A gene polymorphisms (36%) and G allele of MMP8 +17G-C gene polymorphisms (34%) were higher in the CP population compared with the healthy population (19% and 24%, respectively). A significant association of T allele of MMP8 \(-\)799C-T gene promoter polymorphism was found with CP (\(\hbox {OR}=2.95\), \(95\%\hbox {CI}=2.16-4.04\), \(P<0.0001\)). Genotypic frequency of MMP12 \(-\)82A-G polymorphism is associated with CP risk while its allelic distribution is not (\(\hbox {OR}=1.32\), \(95\%\hbox {CI}=0.93-1.88\), \(P=0.129\)). Gene–gene interactions show the best cross validation consistency model, i.e. MMP1 \(-\)519A-G X MMP7 \(-\)181A-G X MMP8 \(-\)799C-T polymorphisms with a value of 9/10. This gene–gene interaction shows that the significant association of MMP8 \(-\)799C-T polymorphism with CP increased susceptibility. Allelic distribution of MMP8 +17G-C and MMP3 \(-\)11715A-6A polymorphisms revealed their protective role towards decreased risk of CP. MMP1 \(-\)519A-G and MMP7 \(-\)181A-G polymorphisms show combinatorial synergistic effect on CP risk.
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Acknowledgement
We thank Dr Vineet Nair and all participants of this study. This work was supported by DBT, India (102/IFD/SAN/1699/2015–2016).
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Majumder, P., Ghosh, S. & Dey, S.K. Matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: a case–control study in the Indian population. J Genet 98, 32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-019-1077-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-019-1077-2