Abstract
The enhanced mechanical properties of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys induced by refractory elements such as Re, Wo, Mo, etc. are essential for the manufacture of advanced aero engines’ turbine blades. Whereas these elements could promote the formation of the topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, and their growth would have a deleterious effect on the creep rupture life of single-crystal superalloys. Concomitantly, the formation of the brittle phase of the internal nitrides, especially the aluminium nitride (AlN), would be detrimental to superalloys as well. Nonetheless, the formation relationship between AlN and TCP phases has maintained opaque. In this study, the relationship between the TCP phase and AlN phase was analysed by microscopic methods, such as BSE, TEM and EDS. An AlN phase located near the TCP phase in the deep surface of the superalloy was found, and its formation was suggested to be related to nitrogen penetration during the thermal exposure. This accompanying growth of the AlN phase and TCP phase in the deep surface could provide a new perspective on the formation mechanism of these brittle phases in the Ni-based single-crystal superalloys.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig5_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12034-023-02967-7/MediaObjects/12034_2023_2967_Fig6_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pollock T M and Tin S 2006 J. Propul. Power 22 361
Williams J C and Starke E A 2003 Acta Mater. 51 5775
Sato A, Moverare J J, Hasselqvist M and Reed R C 2012 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43 2302
Reed R C 2006 The superalloys: fundamentals and applications (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
Acharya M V and Fuchs G E 2004 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 381 143
Volek A, Singer R F, Buergel R, Grossmann J and Wang Y 2006 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 37 405
Darolia R, Lahrmann D F and Field R D 1988 Superalloys 1988 255
Rae C M F and Reed R C 2001 Acta Mater. 49 4113
Wilson A S 2017 Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 1108
Sato A, Harada H, Yeh A-C, Kawagishi K, Kobayashi T, Koizumi Y et al 2008 Superalloys 2008 131
Pei H, Wen Z, Zhang Y and Yue Z 2017 Appl. Surf. Sci. 411 124
Pei H, Wen Z and Yue Z 2017 J. Alloys Compd. 704 218
Hu Y, Cao T, Cheng C, Zhang L and Zhao J 2019 Appl. Surf. Sci. 484 209
Huang L, Sun X F, Guan H R and Hu Z Q 2006 Surf. Coat. Technol. 200 6863
Sun B, Zhang T, Shi J, Wang B and Zhang X 2021 Vacuum 183 109801
Sato A, Chiu Y L and Reed R C 2011 Acta Mater. 59 225
Zhai Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Long H, Li X, Deng Q et al 2021 Acta Mater. 215 116991
Snavely C A and Faust C L 1950 J. Electrochem. Soc. 97 99
Zheng X G and Young D J 1997 Mater. Sci. Forum 251–254 567
Geers C, Babic V, Mortazavi N, Halvarsson M, Jönsson B, Johansson L-G et al 2017 Oxid. Met. 87 321
Solimani A, Schütze M, Stark A and Galetz M C 2018 Corros. Sci. 145 180
Krupp U and Christ H J 1999 Adv. Eng. Mater. 1 194
Orosz R, Krupp U and Christ H J 2005 Int. J. Mater. Res. 96 775
Krupp U and Christ H J 1999 Oxid. Met. 52 277
Krupp U and Christ H J 1999 Oxid. Met. 52 299
Krupp U and Christ H J 2000 Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31 47
Magdy M, Hu Y-B and Zhao J 2021 Comput. Mater. Sci 197 110657
Goldstein J I, Newbury D E, Michael J R, Ritchie N W, Scott J H J and Joy D C 2017 Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis (New York: Springer)
Pessah-Simonetti M, Donnadieu P and Caron P 1994 Scr. Metall. Mater. 30 1553
Rae C M F, Karunaratne M S A, Small C J, Broomfield R W, Jones C N and Reed R C 2000 Superalloys 2000 767
Long H, Liu Y, Mao S, Wei H, Zhang J, Ma S et al 2018 Intermetallics 94 55
Han S and Young D J 2001 Oxid. Met. 55 223
Wriedt H A 1986 Bull. Alloys Phase Diagr. 7 329
Shu D, Tian S, Tian N, Liu L, Liang S and Zhang B 2017 Mater. Des. 132 198
Qu P, Yang W, Qin J, Liu C, Cao K, Zhang J et al 2020 Intermetallics 119 106725
Karunaratne M S A, Carter P and Reed R C 2000 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 281 229
Wu Q, Li S-S, Ma Y and Gong S-K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 109102
Acknowledgement
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51971203).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lao, Z., Ding, Q., Bei, H. et al. Study on the relationship between TCP phase and AlN phase in a fourth-generation single-crystal superalloy. Bull Mater Sci 46, 126 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-02967-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-02967-7