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Fe-NPs and Zn-NPs: Advancing Aquaculture Performance Through Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Aquaculture is a growing industry facing several challenges, including disease control, water quality management, and sustainable feed production. One potential solution to these challenges is the use of trace elements such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), either in their conventional form or as nanoparticles (NPs). Aquatic animals need these micronutrients for normal growth, physiological processes, and overall health. In marine species, iron boosts development, immunity, and disease resistance. At the same time, zinc enhances metabolism, synthesizes essential enzymes, and produces hormones that play a part in defenses, growth, reproduction, and antioxidative activities. According to this review, species-specific requirements by different Fe and Zn compounds have all emphasized the impacts on animal growth and development, antioxidant capacity, reproductive efficiency, and immunological response. However, NPs of Fe and Zn have been found to have higher bioavailability and efficacy than conventional forms. This work examines the effects of applications of Fe and Fe nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and Zn and Zn nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) in aquaculture. However, the source of Fe and Zn in aquaculture species and administration volume may significantly impact efficacy. Nanotechnology boosts the positive benefits of Fe and Zn by converting them to their nanoforms (Fe-NPs) and (Zn-NPs), which are better used by animals and have a broader intake range. As a result, Fe-NPs and Zn-NPs offer an effective method for using nutrients in aquaculture.

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Data Availability

The data supporting the findings of this review article are derived from previously published studies and publicly available datasets. All references to these sources are provided within the article. No new data were generated specifically for this review. The authors have made efforts to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented in this article. Readers are encouraged to consult the cited references for further details and access to the original data sources. Additionally, any supplementary materials associated with this review article are available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This publication is based on a work supported by Zoology department, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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  1. Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Farkhanda Asad, Navaira Batool, Aiman Nadeem, Shehar Bano, Noshaba Anwar, Rafia Jamal & Shahbaz Ali

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Contributions

Farkhanda Asad contributed to the conceptualization and design of the review article. Navaira contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript. She actively contributed to the organization of the manuscript. Aiman contributed to the writing of several sections. Noshaba and Shehar Bano worked on the plagiarism. Rafia contributed to the collection of material. Shahbaz participated in the screening and extraction of relevant data.

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Correspondence to Farkhanda Asad.

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Highlights

• In the context of aquaculture, this review paper underlines the importance of iron and zinc by highlighting their crucial involvement in a number of physiological processes that occur in aquatic organisms.

• The article gives a general review of the dietary needs for iron and zinc in aquaculture species in order to promote healthy development, reproduction, and immunological function.

• It draws attention to the potential advantages of taking iron and zinc supplements at the same time to increase overall productivity.

• It also emphasizes the advantages of adding nanoparticles to diverse aquatic species' growth performance, nutrient intake, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance.

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Asad, F., Batool, N., Nadeem, A. et al. Fe-NPs and Zn-NPs: Advancing Aquaculture Performance Through Nanotechnology. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 2828–2842 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03850-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03850-6

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