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Galaxaura elongata Extract (GE) Modulates Vanadyl Sulfate-Induced Renal Damage via Regulating TGF-β/Smads and Nrf2/NF-κB Pathways

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Abstract

Nephrotoxicity becomes a provoked problem as the kidneys are the target of many chemotherapies. For this reason, we aimed to study the protective effect of Galaxaura elongata extract (GE) against the vanadyl sulfate (Van) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty Wistar albino rats (male) were divided into four groups (n = 10) as follows: control group: rats received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Galaxa group: rats received GE at a dose (100 mg/kg orally) daily for 6 weeks. Van group: rats injected with Van at a dose (50 mg/kg i.p.) once weekly for 6 successive weeks. Galaxa + Van group: rats received GE at a dose (100 mg/kg orally) daily for 6 weeks concurrently with Van at a dose (50 mg/kg i.p.) for 6 weeks. Our results showed that Van significantly raised urea and creatinine serum levels as compared to the control group as well as disordered renal oxidative/antioxidant redox. Administration of GE with Van alleviated the adverse impact of Van over the kidney tissues. Furthermore, GE administration in Galaxa + Van group downregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1) mRNA expression, angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) mRNA expression and protein concentration and Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mRNA expression as compared to Van group. Also, GE administration caused a noticeable upregulation of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions with a consequent decrease of DNA fragmentation % compared to Van group. The results of the current study show that simultaneous treatment with GE can alleviate nephrotoxicity caused by Van in diabetic rats. The GE treatment of the Van treated animals restored altered renal oxidative/antioxidant redox values towards normal and lessened fibrosis. These results are consistent with these effects being caused by interactions with the TGF-B/Smads and Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathways.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the staff members of the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, for their helpfulness during all the steps of the experiment. The authors thank Dr. Khaled Elsayed Assistant professor at Physiological Division, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, for providing the characterization of the alga.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt

    Al Khansaa A. Kamel & Walaa Hozayen

  2. Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt

    Samraa H. Abd El-kawi

  3. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt

    Khalid S. Hashem

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  1. Al Khansaa A. Kamel
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  2. Walaa Hozayen
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  4. Khalid S. Hashem
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Contributions

Conceptualization, K.H., and A. A; methodology, K. H., A.A, W.H, and S.A.; software, K.H.; formal analysis, K.H, A.A., W.H., and S.A.; investigation, K.H., and A.A; writing–original draft preparation, K.H, A.A. and S.A; writing–review and editing, K.H. and W.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khalid S. Hashem.

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Our current study was accepted by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee on the faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, and all procedures for agent administration, blood, and tissue collection were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978), Approval No. (020–120).

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Kamel, A.K.A., Hozayen, W., El-kawi, S.H.A. et al. Galaxaura elongata Extract (GE) Modulates Vanadyl Sulfate-Induced Renal Damage via Regulating TGF-β/Smads and Nrf2/NF-κB Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 3187–3204 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02913-w

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