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Pb and Cd Bioaccumulations in the Habitat and Preys of Red-Crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) in Zhalong Wetland, Northeastern China

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Abstract

Pb and Cd concentrations in the habitat and preys of the red-crowned crane (i.e., reed rhizomes and three typical aquatic animal families (Perccottus glehni Dybowski, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, and Viviparidae)) were analyzed to examine the impact of these hazards on red-crowned cranes in northeastern China. Results indicated that Pb and Cd concentrations in the preys of the red-crowned cranes were elevated via food chain. Most of the detected Pb and Cd contents in the sediments were above the natural background level, ranging from 9.85 to 129.72 ppm and 1.23 to 10.63 ppm (dry weight), respectively. Cd geo-accumulation index at all sites were larger than 3, even reached 5.22, suggesting serious pollution in this region. Three common water animal families were detected to contain heavy metals, following the order of increasing concentrations: primary consumers (i.e., Viviparidae and Carassius auratus Linnaeus) < secondary consumers (i.e., Perccottus glehni Dybowski). Pb and Cd concentrations in the buffer zone are significantly higher than in the core area and being elevated in the food chain. The molten feathers of the red-crowned cranes showed the highest toxic metal concentrations of Pb (2.09 to 5.81 ppm) and Cd (1.42 to 3.06 ppm) compared with the feces produced by cranes and residual eggshell left by water fowls. Exceptionally high Pb and Cd concentrations in the cranes and their preys were thought to be associated with their habitat.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice for this manuscript. This research was funded by the National Youth Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41071022), School of supporting youth's academic backbone project in Heilongjiang province of China (grant no. 1253G063), Heilongjiang Province Environmental Geography College Key Laboratory of remote sensing monitoring project, and Program for Young Teachers Scientific Research in Qiqihar University (grant no. 2012K-Z10). We extend appreciation to Wang Wenfeng of Zhalong National Nature Reserve for his suggestions and help for field sample collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, People’s Republic of China

    **ming Luo, Yajie Ya & Yongjie Wang

  2. Songliao Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China

    **ongrui Yin

  3. School of Earth Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People’s Republic of China

    Shuying Zang

  4. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    **a Zhou

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  1. **ming Luo
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Correspondence to **ming Luo.

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Luo, J., Yin, X., Ya, Y. et al. Pb and Cd Bioaccumulations in the Habitat and Preys of Red-Crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) in Zhalong Wetland, Northeastern China. Biol Trace Elem Res 156, 134–143 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9837-y

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