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Application of UV-B Light and Low-Toxicity Compounds to Prevent Postharvest Spoilage on Lemons

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Abstract

Green and blue molds and sour rot, caused by Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, are postharvest diseases which represent an important economic issue in lemon production. Conventionally, their control involves the intensive use of synthetic fungicides, leading to the emergence of resistant strains and harmful residue accumulation on fruits. Present work explores the application of UV-B radiation (UVBr) and its combination with polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) or natamycin on lemons as alternative strategy to manage fungal postharvest diseases caused by fungicide-sensitive and resistant local isolates. UVBr applied in vitro inhibited mycelial growth and conidia viability of all pathogens at the highest assayed dose (5.2 J cm−2). Light preventive treatment applied on lemons with a non-fungicidal and non-phytotoxic UVBr dose of 0.1 J cm−2 significantly reduced disease incidences by approximately 30 to 55%, along with reducing disease severities. Both PHMG and natamycin effectively reduced disease incidences caused by all tested pathogens, with a notable synergistic effect when combining UVBr with natamycin against Penicillium-sensitive isolates. None of these treatments had adverse effects on fruit quality. Importantly, preventive UVBr treatment enabled lemons to maintain H2O2 levels at the wound site in the presence of P. digitatum, which typically suppresses H2O2 production in the host tissue. In conclusion, findings suggest that UVBr and its combination with low-toxicity compounds offer a promising environment-friendly alternative for controlling postharvest lemon diseases caused by both fungicide-sensitive and resistant pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge S.A. San Miguel for kindly providing lemons and UNIGUARD™ and Ctrl Micro International S.A. for providing Hygisoft V20. We also thank PhD Gabriela María Olmedo for helpful discussion and PhD María Soledad Carbajo and Constanza Aguirre for technical assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2016–0595, PICT 2019–1380) and Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (PIUNT 2023-D0750). JZA fellowship was funded by ANPCyT and CONICET.

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  1. INSIBIO (CONICET-UNT) and Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina

    Jakeline Zuluaga-Acosta, Sabrina Inés Volentini, Mario Alberto Debes, Luciana Cerioni & Viviana Andrea Rapisarda

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina

    Mario Alberto Debes & Mirna Hilal

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UNCA), Belgrano 300, Catamarca, Argentina

    Mirna Hilal

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  1. Jakeline Zuluaga-Acosta
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Jakeline Zuluaga Acosta investigation, data curation, formal analysis and writing an original draft; Sabrina Inés Volentini and Mario Alberto Debes investigation, methodology and data curation; Mirna Hilal conceptualization and supervision; Luciana Cerioni and Viviana Andrea Rapisarda conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis and writing an original draft, and supervision. All authors have reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Luciana Cerioni or Viviana Andrea Rapisarda.

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Zuluaga-Acosta, J., Volentini, S., Debes, M. et al. Application of UV-B Light and Low-Toxicity Compounds to Prevent Postharvest Spoilage on Lemons. Food Bioprocess Technol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-023-03291-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-023-03291-y

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