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Regulation of Adaptive Immunity in Health and Disease by Cholesterol Metabolism

  • Basic and Applied Science (PJ Bryce, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Four decades ago, it was observed that stimulation of T cells induces rapid changes in cellular cholesterol that are required before proliferation can commence. Investigators returning to this phenomenon have finally revealed its molecular underpinnings. Cholesterol trafficking and its dysregulation are now also recognized to strongly influence dendritic cell function, T cell polarization, and antibody responses. In this review, the state of the literature is reviewed on how cholesterol and its trafficking regulate the cells of the adaptive immune response and in vivo disease phenotypes of dysregulated adaptive immunity, including allergy, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence supporting a potential role for statins and other lipid-targeted therapies in the treatment of these diseases is presented. Just as vascular biologists have embraced immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis, so should basic and clinical immunologists in allergy, pulmonology, and other disciplines seek to encompass a basic understanding of lipid science.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Dr. Sue Edelstein for assistance with figure production. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES102005).

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Michael B. Fessler declares no conflict of interest.

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    Michael B. Fessler

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This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES102005).

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Fessler, M.B. Regulation of Adaptive Immunity in Health and Disease by Cholesterol Metabolism. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 15, 48 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0548-7

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