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Non-volatile and Stretchable Polyvinyl Chloride-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Capacitive Energy Storage

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Abstract

This study introduces a novel approach to address the growing demand for flexible energy storage systems in wearable and human-integrated devices. A flexible supercapacitor (SC) system is developed using a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-derived ionogel electrolyte. The ionogel consists of PVC, dibutyl adipate (DBA) plasticizer, and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM]+[TFSI]−) ionic liquid (IL), offering impressive properties such as high stretchability (~ 2050%) and non-volatility. SCs assembled with activated carbon electrodes embedded in the ionogel exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance. They attain near-100% Coulombic efficiency (CE) up to 2.0 V and a specific capacitance of up to 64.8 F g−1, finely tuned by modulating the concentration of [EMIM]+[TFSI]− IL. Significantly, the SC employing the optimized PVC-based ionogel demonstrates exceptional stability over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, maintaining both capacitance and CE. The non-volatile nature of the ionogel enhances its robustness under ambient conditions, contributing to long-term stability. Moreover, the potential integration of the PVC-based ionogel with flexible electrodes and a malleable current collector hints at the possibility of creating a highly stretchable SC system. This work advances the field of SC powering flexible electronics and accelerates their seamless integration into everyday life.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by BK-21 FOUR program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the Ministry of Education and Project No. 2021R1A2C2011898 under the Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST). This paper was also supported by the Education and Research Promotion Program of KOREATECH in 2022. The authors thank the Cooperative Equipment Center at KOREATECH.

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Author notes

  1. Seung-Ju Oh and Hyeon-Su Park have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Future Convergence Engineering, School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, Republic of Korea

    Seung-Ju Oh, Hyeon-Su Park, Kanghyun Lee, Yu ** Lee & ** Woo Bae

  2. School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, Republic of Korea

    Soomin Park

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Correspondence to Soomin Park or ** Woo Bae.

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Oh, SJ., Park, HS., Lee, K. et al. Non-volatile and Stretchable Polyvinyl Chloride-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Capacitive Energy Storage. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 41, 1861–1869 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00018-3

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