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Current progress of electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

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Abstract

The transition from a carbon-centered economy to an era of renewable energy has led to global attention on hydrogen energy, ultimately leading to the development of fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel. In response to global demand, overall fuel cell technology has grown remarkably over the past few years; yet, commercialization remains sluggish owing to cost. As the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which is the most commercialized fuel cell, is markedly dependent on platinum (Pt), anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which can utilize non-precious materials as cathode catalysts, have emerged as a promising alternative. Earth-abundant metals are used as cathode catalysts, and metal-free materials are used to achieve comparable performance to Pt. Compared to the single-cell performance of Pt catalysts, a gap still exists; however, the applicability of non-noble metals has been extensively evaluated. If catalyst development is accompanied by efficient electrode structure design, a significant part of the cost problem can be overcome. AEMFCs have advantages in the ORR of cathodes compared to PEMFCs; however, the HOR kinetics are quite sluggish. Therefore, the design of HOR catalysts requires another approach, not only to enhance their intrinsic activity, but also consider the poisoning induced by the use of ionomers besides PEMFCs. Therefore, a strategy based on the HOR pathway is required to lower the barrier of the rate-determining step. In this review, catalysts for AEMFCs were introduced based on their classification, and information on recent trends and issues related to catalysts was presented.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (2021M3 H4A1A02042948, 2021M3H4A3A02086681). This work was also supported by the New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of KETEP (20203020030010) in Korea.

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  1. These authors equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea

    Subin Park, Daeil Choi, Dong Wook Lee & Sung Jong Yoo

  2. Division of Energy & Environmental Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea

    Sung Jong Yoo

  3. KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea

    Sung Jong Yoo

  4. Energy and Environment Laboratory, Korea Electric Power Corp. Research Institute, Daejeon, 34056, Korea

    Baeck B. Choi

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  1. Subin Park
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Correspondence to Sung Jong Yoo.

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Sung Jong Yoo obtained his Ph.D. degree from the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University in 2009 and moved to KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) for postdoctoral research. He began his independent career in 2012 as senior research scientist in the Fuel Cell Research Center at KIST. He is currently a principal scientist at Center for Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research of KIST. His current research interests include: (i) the influence of surface chemistry of metal nanoparticles on catalytic activities and stability, (ii) the design principles for oxygen reduction activity on oxide catalysts for fuel cells, and (iii) the catalytic activity trends of oxygen reduction reaction for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell.

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Park, S., Choi, D., Lee, D.W. et al. Current progress of electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 1549–1562 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1444-9

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