Abstract
This work proposes an innovative approach to evaluate the functional characteristics of a heterogeneous underwater wireless acoustic sensor network (UWASN) using a stochastic model and the network connectivity criterion. The connectivity criterion is probabilistic and considers inherently distinct groups of parameters: technical parameters that determine the network function at specific levels of the communication stack and physical parameters that describe the environment in the water area. The proposed approach enables researchers to evaluate the network characteristics in terms of energy efficiency and reliability while considering specific network and environmental parameters. Moreover, this approach is a simple and convenient tool for analyzing the effectiveness of protocols in various open systems interconnection model levels. It is possible to assess the potential capabilities of any protocol and include it in the proposed model. This work presents the results of modeling the critical characteristics of heterogeneous three-dimensional UWASNs of different scales consisting of stationary sensors and a wave glider as a mobile gateway, using specific protocols as examples. Several alternative routes for the wave glider are considered to optimize the network’s functional capabilities. Optimal trajectories of the wave glider’s movement have been determined in terms of ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the hybrid UWASN at various scales. In the context of the problem, an evaluation of different reference node placement was to ensure message transmission to a mobile gateway. The best location of reference nodes has been found.
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The research is partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as a part of World-class Research Center Program: Advanced Digital Technologies (contract No. 075-15-2022-312 dated 20 April 2022).
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Article Highlights
• A special stochastic characteristic of the quality of UWASN functioning, connectivity, is proposed, which covers both static and dynamic characteristics of the network, as well as environmental conditions.
• Criteria for reliability and efficiency have been developed based on connectivity, taking into account physical parameters of the environment and technical characteristics of the network.
• Modeling of the critical characteristics of heterogeneous three-dimensional UWASNs, consisting of stationary sensors and a wave glider as a mobile gateway, has been conducted.
• The optimal trajectories for the wave glider’s movement and the optimal placement of reference nodes have been determined to ensurethe efficiency and rel iability of the hybrid UWASN at various scales.
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Fedorova, T.A., Ryzhov, V.A., Safronov, K.S. et al. Energy-Efficient and Reliable Deployment Models for Hybrid Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks with a Mobile Gateway. J. Marine. Sci. Appl. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00444-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00444-z