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Characterization of Nutrients, Heavy Metals, Petroleum and Their Impact on Phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay: Implications for Environmental Management and Monitoring

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Abstract

The Laizhou Bay (LB) represents a substantial ecological area that is vulnerable to human activities and confronts diverse environmental challenges. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of nutrients, petroleum, heavy metals, and phytoplankton community structure across seven distinct areas in LB. The results indicate relatively high concentrations of NO2-N, SiO4-Si, and NO3-N in the Southwest Laizhou Bay (SWLB) and Huanghe River Estuary (HRE). In contrast, the East Laizhou bay (ELB) and the North of Huanghe River Estuary (NHRE) exhibit the highest concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cr and Hg). The areas with high phytoplankton density and community diversity are mainly located in the SWLB. After adjusting for basic environmental factors, phytoplankton density and Margalef richness index D are significantly associated with nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, SiO4-Si), and heavy metal (Cr) concentrations. We highlight that, in addition to **aoqinghe River, nutrients brought by the Mihe River in the SWLB and heavy metal (Cr) pollution in the ELB resulting from industrial and mining activities along the coast significantly influence phytoplankton growth and community structure. Therefore, it is recommended that more monitoring and management efforts be focused on these regions in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The present study was made possible by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42176234 and 42130403), the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Creative Program (No. JDXT2018-01), and the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (No. GML2019ZD0402). We are grateful to the teams at the Ocean University of China and the First Institute of Oceanography for their help during field work and laboratory analyses, and to Drs. Qianshuo Zhao and Hongjun Song for giving constructive comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Kai Wang & Liqiang Yang

  2. First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Linlin Zhao & Xuguang Hong

  3. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Yugui Zhu

  4. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yunfeng Wang

  5. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Yugui Zhu

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  1. Kai Wang
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Wang, K., Zhao, L., Zhu, Y. et al. Characterization of Nutrients, Heavy Metals, Petroleum and Their Impact on Phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay: Implications for Environmental Management and Monitoring. J. Ocean Univ. China 23, 822–834 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-024-5617-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-024-5617-x

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