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Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour of heavy metal(loid)s in copper smelting flue dust and mineralogical control mechanism

pH对铜冶炼烟尘中重金属浸出行为的影响及其矿物学控制机理

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Abstract

The release behavior of heavy metal(loid)s in Cu smelting flue dust, collected from a deserted Cu smelter, and its mineralogical control mechanism were studied using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and wide pH range (3–13) dependent leaching experiments. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in TCLP leachate were 704, 82.7, 2.08, 3.1 and 3.26 times threshold of corresponding elements listed in identification standards for hazardous wastes of China (GB 5085.3—2007), respectively. High release percentage of As ranged from 26.0% to 28.1% over the entire pH range. The leachability of Cd, Cu, and Zn was significantly high under acidic conditions, while that of Pb was highly released at pH 13.0. The geochemical analysis showed that As solubility was partly controlled by the new formation of Ca, Cu, Pb, and Zn arsenates under pH 5.5–11.5, and that of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was mainly controlled by hydroxide precipitation under alkaline condition. BCR extraction and XRD analysis indicated that higher leachate Cd and Zn concentrations were consistent with their higher content of active forms in dust. The study provides scientific guidance for the treatment and disposal of the flue dust for heavy metal(loid)s pollution prevention.

摘要

以某废弃铜冶炼厂收集的铜冶炼烟尘作为样本,采用TCLP毒性浸出和宽溶液pH(3∼13)范围浸 出实验,研究了铜冶炼烟尘中重金属的释放行为及其矿物学控制机制。结果表明,TCLP浸出液中As、 Cd、Cu、Pb 和Zn 浓度分别是我国《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)中相应元素 限值的704 倍、82.7 倍、2.08 倍、3.1 倍和3.26 倍。在整个溶液pH 处理范围内, As 的释放率高达 26.0%∼28.1%。在酸性条件下Cd、Cu和Zn的浸出率明显较高,而Pb在pH 13.0 时释放率较高。地球化 学分析表明,在pH 5.5∼11.5 的溶液处理下, As 的溶解度部分受新形成的Ca、Cu、Pb 和Zn 砷酸盐控 制,而Cd、Cu、Pb 和Zn 的溶解度主要受碱性条件下氢氧化物沉淀形成控制。BCR顺序提取和XRD 分析表明,浸出液中Cd和Zn 浓度较高与其在灰尘中赋存活性态比例高一致。研究结果为烟尘处理或 处置防止重金属污染提供科学指导。

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  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    **ao-yan Wang  (王小燕), **-yuan **ao  (肖细元), Zhao-hui Guo  (郭朝晖), Chi Peng  (彭驰), Anaman Richmond, Sheng-guo Xue  (薛生国) & Ataa Bridget

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WANG **ao-yan: Methodology, writing-original draft & editing; XIAO **-yuan: Conceptualization, supervision, writing review & editing; GUO Zhao-hui, PENG Chi, RICHMOND Anaman: Review and editing; XUE Sheng-guo: Funding acquisition, BRIDGET Ataa: Review and editing.

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Correspondence to **-yuan **ao  (肖细元).

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WANG **ao-yan, XIAO **-yuan, GUO Zhao-hui, PENG Chi, RICHMOND Anaman, XUE Sheng-guo, BRIDGET Ataa declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Foundation item: Project(2019YFC1803600) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China

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Wang, Xy., **ao, Xy., Guo, Zh. et al. Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour of heavy metal(loid)s in copper smelting flue dust and mineralogical control mechanism. J. Cent. South Univ. 31, 1121–1135 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-024-5630-7

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