Abstract
For several decades, the use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of highly resistant human and animal pathogens, posing a significant threat to global health, food security, and economic progress. In the quest for alternatives to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and yeasts, the utilization of nanoparticles materials has emerged as a promising avenue. In this research, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide, synthesized through co-precipitation and subsequently calcined at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800°C. A total of 21 bacterial strains, including 15 clinical strains and 6 Gram-reference strains, along with one fungal strain, were subjected to testing. The synthesized materials underwent characterization using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The key findings indicate that the uncalcined Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide and the heterojunction ZnO-ZnAl2O4 calcined at 400°C and 600°C exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 μg/mL against the tested strains. The spinell ZnAl2O4 calcined at 800°C showed MICs ranging between 0.125 and 2 μg/mL, with a greater bactericidal effect on gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) such as Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae compared to Gram-positive bacteria. Consequently, the heterojunction ZnO-ZnAl2O4 demonstrated higher efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. These findings highlight the potential of heterojunction ZnO-ZnAl2O4 and spinell ZnAl2O4 as mixed metal oxides derived from ZnAl-layered double hydroxide, offering promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics and suggesting their potential use as impregnating agents in matrices with a broad spectrum of specific antimicrobial activity.
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Abbreviations
- S.M:
-
Supplementary material
- XRD:
-
X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy
- FTIR:
-
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
- SEM:
-
Scanning Electron Microscopy
- UV–Vis:
-
Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- LDH:
-
Layered Double Hydroxide
- MMO:
-
Mixed Metal Oxide
- MIC:
-
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
- MBC:
-
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
- GNB:
-
Gram-negative bacteria
- ATCC:
-
American Type Culture Collection
- CFU:
-
Colony Forming Unit
- PCD:
-
Programmed Cell Death
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Each author participated sufficiently in the work. AD, ZB and KB supervision; FG, TB, YM, I B, AC, BA, BA, HB, and OLconceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation, formal analysis and investigation, writing—review and editing.All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Ghribi, F., Bouarroudj, T., Messai, Y. et al. Antibacterial activity of mixed metal oxide derived from Zn-Al layered double hydroxide precursors, effect of calcination temperature. Biologia 79, 937–952 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01589-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01589-y