Abstract
The association of endophytic fungi with plants was recorded from an early stage of evolution. Endophytic fungi of medicinally important plants are given importance as they mimic the synthesis of bioactive compounds by the host plant. Chromolaena odorata is a wild medicinal plant used in ethnomedicine by different communities. From the root part of C. odorata, an endophytic fungus, Chaetomium sp. R1C1, was isolated, and its biological activities were evaluated. The ITS-rDNA gene sequencing of Chaetomium sp. R1C1 showed 99.21% similarity with Chaetomium globosum. Chaetomium sp. R1C1 was found to secrete protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulose and also produce ammonia. The isolate shows strong antifungal activities against all the nine tested phytopathogens, with the highest inhibition against U. virens (97.45%), followed by A. flavus (94.70%), C. lunata (89.09%), A. brassicicola (78.41%), F. oxysporum (77.71%), R. solani (70.27%), C. capsici (64.41%), A. niger (57.06%), and A. alternata (45.35%). The antibacterial activity evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method and 96-well microtitre method shows that the crude extract was more efficient against gram-negative bacteria, with the highest activity against S. typhi. The DPPH radical scavenging activity shows inhibition of 60.18% and an IC50 value of 85.88 µg/mL, which makes it a strong antioxidant. GC-MS and LC-MS are powerful tools employed to reveal the compounds present in the secondary metabolite of Chaetomium sp. R1C1. This study highlights the importance and applications of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. R1C1 in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and industries.
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Abbreviations
- ITS-rDNA:
-
Internal transcribed spacer-ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LC-MS:
-
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- DPPH:
-
2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- IC50 :
-
50% inhibitory concentration
- IAA:
-
Indole acetic acid
- FTIR:
-
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- PDA:
-
Potato dextrose agar
- NFCCI:
-
National Fungal Culture Collection of India
- CTAB:
-
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
- NCBI:
-
National Center for Biotechnology Information
- BLAST:
-
Basic local alignment search tool
- GYPA:
-
Glucose yeast peptone agar
- CMC:
-
Carboxymethyl cellulose
- HCN:
-
Hydrogen cyanide
- NH3 :
-
Ammonia
- PO4 :
-
Phosphate
- ITCC:
-
Indian Type Culture Collection
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- MTCC:
-
Microbial Type Culture Collection
- MHA:
-
Muller-Hinton agar
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
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Nongthombam, K.S., Mutum, S.S. Biological activities and metabolite profiling of Chaetomium sp. R1C1, an endophytic fungus from Chromolaena odorata of Manipur. Biologia 79, 643–656 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01584-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01584-3