Abstract
An unidentified bacterial strain, SCRC-21406, isolated from the intestine of a marine fish, Glossanodon semifasciatus, produced docosahexaenoic acid at 23% (mol/mol) [=28% (w/w)] of total fatty acids in a medium containing 0.5% (wt/vol) peptone and 0.1% (wt/vol) yeast extract at 12°C under atmospheric pressure. The cell yield was 0.43 g/L. The major lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine and phophatidylglycerol. Docosahexaenoic acid was localized at the sn-2 positions of both phospholipids. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids other than docosahexaenoic acid were extremely small [<3% (mol/mol)]. Monousaturated fatty acids of the cis-7, cis-9 and cis-11 types were detected.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DHA:
-
docosahexaenoic acid
- NMR:
-
nuclear magnetic resonance
- PE:
-
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG:
-
phosphatidylglycerol
References
Tinoco, J. (1982) Dietary Requirements and Functions of α-Linolenic Acid in Animals, Prog. Lipids Res. 21, 1–45.
Ruyle, M., Conner, W.E., Anderson, G.J., and Lowensohn, R. (1990) Placental Transfer of Essential Fatty Acids in Humans: Venous-Arterial Difference for Docosahexaenoic Acid in Fetal Umbilical Erythrocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7902–7906.
Söderberg, M., Edulund, C., Kristensson, K., and Dallner, G. (1991) Fatty Acid Composition of Brain Phospholipids in Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease, Lipids 26, 421–425.
Nishikawa, M., Kimura, S., and Akaike, N. (1994) Facilitatory Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Response in Pyramidal Neurons of Rat Cerebral Cortex, J. Physiol 475, 83–93.
Shikano, M., Masuzawa, Y., Yazawa, K., Takayama, K., Kudo, I., and Inoue, K. (1994) Complete Discrimination of Docosahexaenoate from Arachidonate by 85 kDa Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 During the Hydrolysis of Diacyl- and Alkenylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1212, 211–216.
Ikeda, I., Wakamatsu, K., Inayoshi, A., Imaizumi, K., Sugano, M., and Yazawa, K. (1994) α-Linolenic, Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Affect Lipid Metabolism Differently in Rats, J. Nutr. 124, 1898–1906.
Yongmanitcai, W., and Ward, O.P. (1989) Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Alternative Sources of Production, Proc. Biochem. 24, 117–125.
Bajpal, P.K., and Ward, O.P. (1991) Optimization of Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) by Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 68, 509–514.
Nakahara, T., Yokochi, T., Higashihara, T., Tanaka, S., Yaguchi, T., and Honda, D. (1996) Production of Docosahexaenoic and Docosapentaenoic Acids by Schizochytrium sp. Isolated from Yap Islands, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, 1421–1426.
DeLong, E.F., and Yayanos, A. (1986) Biochemical Function and Ecological Significance of Novel Bacterial Lipids in Deep-Sea Procaryotes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 730–737.
Yano, Y., Nakayama, A., Saito, H., and Ishihara, K. (1994) Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Marine Bacteria Isolated from Deep-Sea Fish, Lipdis 29, 527–528.
Watanabe, K., Ishikawa, C., Yazawa, K., Kondo, K., and Kawaguchi, A. (1996) Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of an Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Producing Marine Bacterium, J. Mar. Biotechnol. 4, 104–112.
Colwell, R.R., and Morita, R.Y. (1964) Reisolation and Emendation of Description of Vibrio marinus (Russell) Ford, J. Bacteriol. 88, 831–837.
Deese, A.J., Dratz, E.A., Dahlquist, F.W., and Radcly, M.R. (1981) Interaction of Rhodopsin with Two Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholine: A Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study, Biochemistry 20, 6420–6427.
Litman, B.J., Lewis, E.N., and Levin, I.W. (1991) Packing Characteristics of Highly Unsaturated Bilayer Lipids: Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Multilamellar Phosphatidylcholine Dispersions, Biochemistry 30, 313–319.
DeLong, E.F., and Yayanos, A.A. (1985) Adaptation of the Membrane Lipdis of a Deep-Sea Bacterium to Change in Hydrostatic Pressure, Science 228, 1101–1102.
Voss, A., Reinhart, M., Sankarappa, S., and Sprecher, H. (1991) The Metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-Docosapentaenoic Acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rat Liver Is Independent of a 4-Desaturase, J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19995–20000.
Luthria, D.L., Mohammed, B.S., and Sprecher, H. (1996) Regulation of the Biosynthesis of 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-Docosahexaenoic Acid, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16020–16025.
Ratledge, C. (1997) Microbial Lipids, in Biotechnology (Rehm, H.-J., Reed, G., Pühler, A., and Döhren, H., eds.) Vol. 7, pp. 133–197, VCH, Weinheim.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Watanabe, K., Ishikawa, C., Ohtsuka, I. et al. Lipid and fatty acid compositions of a novel docosahexaenoic acid-producing marine bacterium. Lipids 32, 975–978 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0127-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0127-8