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Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 2. Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides

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Lipids

Abstract

Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for the future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or in industry. More than 300 interesting and unusual natural surfactants are described in this review article, including their chemical structures and biological activities.

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Abbreviations

EC50 :

the median effect concentration, being a statistically-derived concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause (i) an adverse reaction in 50% of organisms or (ii) a 50% reduction in growth or in the growth rate of organisms

ED50 (effective dose50):

the amount of material required to produce a specified effect in 50% of an animal population

GI:

growth inhibition

GI50 :

the concentration needed to reduce the growth of treated cells to half that of untreated (i.e., control) cells

HSV-1:

herpes simplex virus type 1

IC:

inhibitory concentration

IC50 :

concentration at which growth or activity is inhibited by 50% (applies to ligand and growth inhibition)

%ILS:

percent increase in life span

LC50 for drugs with a cytotoxic effect:

the concentration of drug at which 50% of cells die (a 50% reduction in the measured protein at the end of the drug treatment as compared with that at the beginning)

LD50 (lethal dose50):

the dose of a chemical that kills 50% of a sample population

log IC (log EC):

IC (or EC) in a log 10 scale (a log 10 scale is frequently used when x values are a serial dilution, as a better estimate of the SE is obtained)

log GI50 :

log concentrations that reduced cell growth to 50% of the level at the start of the experiment

log10 RC50 :

root elongation half inhibition concentration (mol/L) in logarithmic form

LD:

lethal dose

LD50 :

the dose at which 50% of test subjects die

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MIC:

minimal inhibitory concentration

RC50 :

concentration at which there is a 50% reduction in the number of offspring as compared with controls

TRAP:

tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

VZV:

varicella-zoster virus

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    Valery M. Dembitsky

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Dembitsky, V.M. Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 2. Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides. Lipids 40, 219–248 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1378-0

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