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Biopolymers based-dispersive solid phase extraction combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of several pesticides from fruit juices prior to GC-FID analysis

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Abstract

A new analytical method based on a combination of dispersive solid phase extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of several pesticides (diazinon, prometryn, haloxyfop methyl, hexaconazole, and fenpropathrin) in fruit juice samples. For this purpose, firstly, the pesticides were extracted by a mixture of bio-sorbents (chitosan: agarose: cellulose with a weight ratio of 4:1:1) from fruit juices and in the following they were more concentrated by a deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure. The effective parameters influencing both steps were investigated and optimized through a “one-factor-at-a-time” approach. Based on the figures of merit evaluated for the developed method, calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.70–4000 ng mL−1. Limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.09–0.21 and 0.30–0.70 ng mL−1, respectively. The precision of the developed method was evaluated by performing the method on six aqueous standard solutions (10 ng mL−1 of each pesticide) in a same day and various days. The obtained relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precisions were in the ranges of 2.9–5.9% and 5.2–6.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully employed for multi-residue determination of pesticides in some fruit samples. The relative recoveries were from 88 to 101%.

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Abbreviations

DSPE:

Dispersive solid phase extraction

GC–FID:

Gas chromatography–flame ionization detector

LOD:

Limit of detection

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

LR:

Linear range

EF:

Enrichment factor

ER:

Extraction recovery

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

HBA:

Hydrogen bond acceptor

HBD:

Hydrogen bond donor

ChCl:

Choline chloride

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. Box 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran

    Mina Alineia & Zahra Ayazi

  2. Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Elnaz Marzi Khosrowshahi & Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam

  3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

  4. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

  5. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam

Authors
  1. Mina Alineia
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  2. Elnaz Marzi Khosrowshahi
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  3. Mir Ali Farajzadeh
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  4. Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
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  5. Zahra Ayazi
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Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam or Zahra Ayazi.

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Alineia, M., Marzi Khosrowshahi, E., Farajzadeh, M.A. et al. Biopolymers based-dispersive solid phase extraction combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of several pesticides from fruit juices prior to GC-FID analysis. Chem. Pap. 77, 7669–7679 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03050-5

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