Abstract
For the first time in this study, a sample preparation approach named self-effervescence-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction linked to dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction was evolved. This approach was applied to extract and preconcentrate some esteric compounds in plastic-bottled sparkling water samples. MIL-53 (Cr) was exploited as an adsorbent in the introduced method. In the procedure, releasing CO2 gas molecules from the sample after the addition of the mixture of metal–organic framework and Na2SO4 facilitated the sorption of analytes onto the sorbent. Vortexing was also implemented to increase extraction recoveries. After the sorption process, a mL level of 2-propanol was applied to desorb the target compounds. The obtained 2-propanol phase was then mixed with µL-level of 1,2-dibromoethane solvent as an extractant and injected into 5 mL of deionized water. Centrifugation of the formed milky solution induced sedimentation of 10 ± 0.5 µL of the organic phase containing the analytes. Injection of 1.0 µL of the stated phase into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector commenced the separation, detection, and determination of the analytes in the studied matrix. The obtained linear ranges in this survey were wide. Also, the linearities of the calibration curves drawn for the analytes were pleasant (r2 ≥ 0.995). Moreover, reaching low limits of detection and quantification documented as 0.96–1.40 and 3.17–4.62 µg L−1, respectively, were the highlights of the study. As the finding of the research, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected and quantified as 33 ± 2 μg L−1 (n = 3) in the surveyed plastic-bottled sparkling water.
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Data availability
Most data generated during this study are included in this published article. The rest of them are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- DLLME:
-
Dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction
- DSPE:
-
Dispersive solid phase extraction
- EF:
-
Enrichment factor
- FID:
-
Flame ionization detector
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- LOD:
-
Limit of detection
- LOQ:
-
Limit of quantification
- LR:
-
Linear range
- MOF:
-
Metal organic framework
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- RSD:
-
Relative standard deviation
- SEADµSPE:
-
self-effervescence-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to University of Tabriz for financial support.
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This work was supported by University of Tabriz, Iran.
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SP contributed to MOF synthesis, methodology, and characterization, analytical analysis and methodology, data analysis, and writing the manuscript. MAF contributed to analytical methodology and editing the manuscript. AM contributed to synthesis methodology and analytical analysis. SAH-Y contributed to synthesis methodology. MRAM contributed to analytical methodology.
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Pezhhanfar, S., Farajzadeh, M.A., Mirzaahmadi, A. et al. Self-effervescence-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction for the extraction and preconcentration of some phthalate and adipate esters in sparkling water. Chem. Pap. 77, 4041–4055 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02766-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02766-8