SpringerLink
Log in

A solvent collection technique using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with spectrophotometry for the trace determination of folic acid in pure, dosage forms and flaxseed

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple, rapid and environmentally friendly dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method-based spectrophotometric method for the trace determination of folic acid has been developed. The proposed method is based on the formation of a deep yellow product via reaction of folic acid and 1,2-naphthoquine-4-sulfonate at pH = 9. The formed complex was extracted using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol. Then, the tiny organic droplets were measured at λ = 520 nm. At the optimum conditions, linearity was ranged from 0.05 to 1.5 μg/mL for the standard and samples, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.027, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.04 μg/mL for standard, tablet (5 mg), tablet (1 mg), syrup and flaxseed, respectively, and limits of quantification were 0.066, 0.089, 0.099, 0.066 and 0.132 μg/mL for standard, tablet (5 mg), tablet (1 mg), syrup and flaxseed, respectively. Good recoveries and enrichment factor ranged 94.6–103.8% and 20–27, respectively, for the pharmaceutical and flaxseed samples were obtained. The method was successfully applied for the determination of folic acid in pure, dosage forms and flaxseed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Thailand)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Scheme 1
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd NS, Khayoon WS (2020) Rapid spectrophotometric estimation of trace amounts of mefenamic acid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of in pharmaceutical preparations. Biochem Cell Arch 20(2):6349–6356

    Google Scholar 

  • Aberásturi F, Jiménez A, Arias J, Jiménez F (2002) Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of folic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine by partial least-squares regression. Anal Lett 35(10):1677–1691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad W, Al-Sibaai A, Bashammakh A, Alwael H, El-Shahawi M (2015) Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 72:181–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Araji RR, Mashkour MS, Al-Mulla EAJ (2017) Spectrophotometric determination of vitamin folic acid B9 in some drugs using 1, 2-naphthoquine-4-sulphonate (NQS). Nano Biomed Eng 9(3):208–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saidi H, Emara AA (2014) The recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for preconcentration and determination of inorganic analytes. J Saudi Chem Soc 18(6):745–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anastasopoulos P, Mellos T, Spinou M, Tsiaka T, Timotheou-Potamia M (2007) Chemiluminometric and fluorimetric determination of folic acid. Anal Lett 40(11):2203–2216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baban SO, Azeez KF (2018) Batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods for determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations using cerium (IV) ammonium sulphate (CAS) as an oxidant

  • Bloedon LT, Szapary PO (2004) Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk. Nutr Rev 62(1):18–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breithaupt DE (2001) Determination of folic acid by ion-pair RP-HPLC in vitamin-fortified fruit juices after solid-phase extraction. Food Chem 74(4):521–525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Çabuk H, Akyüz M, Ata Ş (2012) A simple solvent collection technique for a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of parabens from aqueous samples using low-density organic solvent. J Sep Sci 35(19):2645–2652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dongre V, Bagul V (2003) New HPTLC method for identification and quantification of folic acid from pharmaceutical dosage preparations. JPC–J Planar Chromatogr-Modern TLC 16(2):112–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Leithy ES, Abdel-Bar HM, El-Moneum R (2018) Validation of high performance liquid chromatographic method for folic acid assay. Int J Pharma Sci Invent 7(1):1–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elkady EF, Tammam MH, Mohamed AA (2017) Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the determination of vinpocetine and folic acid in the presence of a vinpocetine alkaline degradation product in bulk and in capsule form. J AOAC Int 100(3):671–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Djozan D, Khorram P (2012) Development of a new dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method in a narrow-bore tube for preconcentration of triazole pesticides from aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 713:70–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasani M, Yaghoubi L, Abdollahi H (2007) A kinetic spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of glycine and lysine by artificial neural networks. Anal Biochem 365(1):74–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khayoon WS (2021). Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)-spectrophotometric determination of procaine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. Int J Drug Deliv Technol 11(3).

  • Khayoon WS, Yonis HR (2017) Microvolume-DLLME for the spectrophotometric determination of clidinium bromide in drug, urine, and serum. Braz J Anal Chem 4(16):24–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khayoon WS, Younis HR (2020) Ion pair-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with spectrophotometry for carbamazepine determination in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. J Anal Chem 75(6):733–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzoori JL, Jouyban A, Amjadi M, Soleymani J (2011) Spectrofluorimetric determination of folic acid in tablets and urine samples using 1, 10-phenanthroline-terbium probe. Luminescence 26(2):106–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matias R, Ribeiro P, Sarraguça M, Lopes J (2014) A UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets and dissolution tests. Anal Methods 6(9):3065–3071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McPartlin J, Weir D, Halligan A, Darling M, Scott J (1993) Accelerated folate breakdown in pregnancy. Lancet 341(8838):148–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modupe O, Maurras JB, Diosady LL (2020) A spectrophotometric method for determining the amount of folic acid in fortified salt. J Agric Food Res 2:100060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers D, Myers D (2006) Surfactant science and technology

  • Nagaraja P, Vasantha RA, Yathirajan HS (2002) Spectrophotometric determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations by coupling reactions with iminodibenzyl or 3-aminophenol or sodium molybdate–pyrocatechol. Anal Biochem 307(2):316–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmani M, Kaykhaii M, Ghasemi E, Tahernejad M (2015) Application of in-syringe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and narrow-bore tube dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of trace amounts of BTEX in water samples. J Chromatogr Sci 53(7):1210–1216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravichandran V, Shalini S, Sundram K, Harish R (2010) Validation of analytical methods–strategies & importance. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2(3):18–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro M, Ribeiro PRS, Sarraguçaa MC, Lopes JA (2014) A UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets and dissolution tests. Anal Methods 6(9):3065–3071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro MVDM, Melo IDS, Lopes FDCDC, Moita GC (2016) Development and validation of a method for the determination of folic acid in different pharmaceutical formulations using derivative spectrophotometry. Braz J Pharm Sci 52:741–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi M, Amaretti A, Raimondi S (2011) Folate production by probiotic bacteria. Nutrients 3(1):118–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rykowska I, Ziemblińska J, Nowak I (2018) Modern approaches in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) based on ionic liquids: a review. J Mol Liq 259:319–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm LL (2000) Surfactants: fundamentals and applications in the petroleum industry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shishehbore MR, Sheibani A, Haghdost A (2011) Kinetic spectrophotometric method as a new strategy for the determination of vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 81(1):304–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi K, Upadhyaya P, Sarma S, Tamboli V, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R (2015) High performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for profiling and quantitative analysis of folate monoglutamates in tomato. Food Chem 179:76–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Li D, Wang L-J, Huang Z-G, Zhang L, Chen XD, Mao Z-H (2007) Effect of moisture content on the physical properties of fibered flaxseed. Int J Food Eng 3(5)

  • Wang F, Cao M, Wang N, Muhammad N, Wu S, Zhu Y (2018) Simple coupled ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography technique for simultaneous determination of folic acid and inorganic anions in folic acid tablets. Food Chem 239:62–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu M, Li D, Wang L-J, Zhou Y-G, Brooks MS-L, Chen XD, Mao Z-H (2008) Extrusion detoxification technique on flaxseed by uniform design optimization. Sep Purif Technol 61(1):51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahaya N, Mitome T, Nishiyama N, Sanagi MM, Ibrahim WAW, Nur H (2013) Rapid dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using mesoporous carbon COU-2 in the analysis of cloxacillin in water. J Pharm Innov 8(4):240–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye L, Eitenmiller R, Landen W (2008) Vitamin B12 analysis for the health and food sciences. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis group

  • Zhang B-T, Zhao L, Lin J-M (2008) Determination of folic acid by chemiluminescence based on peroxomonosulfate-cobalt (II) system. Talanta 74(5):1154–1159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadrya, Baghdad, Iraq

    Sally Ghanem Ahmed & Wijdan Shakir Khayoon

Authors
  1. Sally Ghanem Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wijdan Shakir Khayoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wijdan Shakir Khayoon.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmed, S.G., Khayoon, W.S. A solvent collection technique using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with spectrophotometry for the trace determination of folic acid in pure, dosage forms and flaxseed. Chem. Pap. 76, 2485–2494 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-02027-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-02027-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation