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Molecular Identification of Aedes, Armigeres, and Culex Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Genes in Myanmar

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Abstract

Purpose

Mosquitoes are important vectors that carry disease-causing agents that can affect humans and animals. DNA barcoding is a complementary identification which can be used to validate morphological characterization of mosquito species. The objectives of this study were to identify the mitochondrial sequence of the COI gene and to construct a molecular phylogeny based on the genetic divergence of the mosquito species studied.

Methods

In this study, DNA extraction and the amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes (COI) were performed on pooled mosquito samples collected in Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar.

Results

Fragments of the COI gene showed 99–100% identity with sequences of Aedes aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively, deposited in GenBank. This study categorized two haplotypes from each Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pipiens complex COI gene sequence, as well as three haplotypes from Cx. quinquefasciatus COI gene sequences. The highest haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were observed in the Ar. subalbatus population (Hd = 1.0000; π = 0.0033), followed by the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. quinquefasciatus populations.

Conclusion

This study provides useful information on the molecular identification and genetic diversity of mosquito vectors with medical and veterinary significance, which may assist in the improvement of mosquito control programs.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by KAKENHI (grant number 17H04638) from MEXT (the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The authors would like to express our gratitude to the staffs of the Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan, and the Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Myanmar, for their assistance with mosquito collection and laboratory work.

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Author notes

  1. Si Thu Aung and Saw Bawm contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar

    Si Thu Aung, Saw Bawm, Hla Myet Chel & Lat Lat Htun

  2. Swan Arh Veterinary Clinic, Yan Aung, Pyinmana, Nay Pyi Taw, 15012, Myanmar

    Si Thu Aung

  3. Department of Livestock and Aquaculture Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar

    Saw Bawm

  4. Department of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Sports, Zabu Thiri, Nay Pyi Taw, 115011, Myanmar

    May June Thu

  5. Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar

    Soe Soe Wai

  6. Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan

    Yuki Eshita

  7. Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan

    Ryo Nakao & Ken Katakura

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  1. Si Thu Aung
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saw Bawm.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical approval

Sample collection in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar (approval no. 308/Katha (postgraduate)/2016.

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11686_2023_721_MOESM1_ESM.pptx

Fig. S1 The phylogenetic relationship of COI sequences of Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. quinquefasciatus (Cx. pipiens complex subgroup) detected in this study and reference sequences. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Maximum Likelihood method based on Tamura–Nei model. The bold taxa represent the sequences obtained from the current study. GenBank accession number of each sequence is given. Bootstrap values were computed independently for the purposes of 1000 replicates (PPTX 41 KB)

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Aung, S.T., Bawm, S., Chel, H.M. et al. Molecular Identification of Aedes, Armigeres, and Culex Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Genes in Myanmar. Acta Parasit. 68, 862–868 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-023-00721-x

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