SpringerLink
Log in

Highly Sensitive LaFeO3 Coatings Deposited by Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying for Isoamyl Alcohol Detection

  • ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The development of one-step deposition technology for metal oxide-based coatings is significant for the rapid fabrication of gas sensors. Gas sensors based on LaFeO3 were fabricated by solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) strategy. Through a comparative analysis of material composition and cross-sectional morphology, we have determined the optimal spray distance (8 cm), ensuring the highest level of thickness uniformity in the coating (17.13 ± 0.34 μm). Furthermore, the influence of the number of passes on coating morphology and gas sensing performance was investigated. The optimal gas sensor possessed a higher response to isoamyl alcohol (236 at 25 ppm) at 250 °C. Meanwhile, excellent selectivity, repeatability, long-term stability (431.6 ± 9.2 at 60 ppm for 20 days), and a low limit of detection (144 ppb) were obtained. The superior low-concentration (< 25 ppm) gas-sensing performance should be ascribed to the loose porous morphology with uniform thickness and the higher surface activity of the optimal coating. Moreover, the practical experiment demonstrated the application potential of the sensors for monitoring wheat mildew. This work may provide a direction for the characteristic gas detection of wheat mildew and a successful case for the deposition of LaFeO3 coating by SPPS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Lin, F. Wang, Y. Duan, W. Kang, Q. Chen, and Z. Xue, Early Detection of Wheat Aspergillus Infection Based on Nanocomposite Colorimetric Sensor and Multivariable Models, Sens. Actuators B, 2022, 351, p 130910.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Lin, W. Kang, F.Y.H. Kutsanedzie, and Q. Chen, A Novel Nanoscaled Chemo Dye-Based Sensor for the Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds During the Mildewing Process of Stored Wheat, Food Anal. Methods, 2019, 12(12), p 2895-2907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Wang, H. Jiang, and Q. Chen, High-Precision Recognition of Wheat Mildew Degree Based on Colorimetric Sensor Technique Combined with Multivariate Analysis, Microchem. J., 2021, 168, p 106468.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Tuersuntuoheti, Z. Wang, M. Zhang, S. Asimi, S. Liang, Z. Wang, X. Ren, and A. Sohail, Changes of Microbial Diversity and Volatile Compounds in Edible and Deteriorated Qingke Barley Fresh Noodles Stored at 25 °C, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2021, 56(2), p 885-896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K.A. Hamow, Z. Ambrozy, K. Puskas, I. Majlath, M. Cseplo, R. Matyus, K. Posta, P. Lukacs, and L. Sagi, Emission of Novel Volatile Biomarkers for Wheat Powdery Mildew, Sci. Total. Environ., 2021, 781, p 146767.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. X. Zou and J. Zhao, Comparative Analyses of Apple Aroma by a Tin-Oxide Gas Sensor Array Device and GC/MS, Food Chem., 2008, 107(1), p 120-128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G.-P. Lin, B. Vadhwana, I. Belluomo, P.R. Boshier, P. Španěl, and G.B. Hanna, Cross Platform Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Selected Ion Flow Tube and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2021, 32(5), p 1215-1223.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. L. Shang, C. Liu, B. Chen, and K. Hayashi, Plant Biomarker Recognition by Molecular Imprinting Based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Array: Performance Improvement by Enhanced Hotspot of Au Nanostructure, ACS Sens., 2018, 3(8), p 1531-1538.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Liu and C. Zhang, Volatile Organic Compounds Gas Sensor Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Fruit Freshness detection: A Review, Food Chem., 2021, 334, p 127615.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Zheng and C. Zhang, Electronic Noses Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors for Detecting Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2022, 197, p 106988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.S. Andre, L.A. Mercante, M.H.M. Facure, R.C. Sanfelice, L. Fugikawa-Santos, T.M. Swager, and D.S. Correa, Recent Progress in Amine Gas Sensors for Food Quality Monitoring: Novel Architectures for Sensing Materials and Systems, ACS Sens., 2022, 7(8), p 2104-2131.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Zhang, Z. Zheng, K. Liu, M. Debliquy, and Q. Liu, Highly Sensitive and Selective Sb2WO6 Microspheres in Detecting VOC Biomarkers in Cooked Rice: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study, Food Chem., 2023, 424, p 136323.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Jiang, J. Wang, W. Mao, and Q. Chen, Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Wheat Based on Colourimetric Sensor Array Technology: Optimization of Sensor Features and Model Parameters to Improve the Model Generalization Performance, Microchem. J., 2022, 175, p 107173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. W. Wei, S. Guo, C. Chen, L. Sun, Y. Chen, W. Guo, and S. Ruan, High Sensitive and Fast Formaldehyde Gas Sensor Based on Ag-Doped LaFeO3 Nanofibers, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 1122-1127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Q. Rong, B. **ao, J. Zeng, R. Yu, B. Zi, G. Zhang, Z. Zhu, J. Zhang, J. Wu, and Q. Liu, Pt Single Atom-Induced Activation Energy and Adsorption Enhancement for an Ultrasensitive ppb-Level Methanol Gas Sensor, ACS Sens., 2022, 7(1), p 199-206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. S.B. Varandili, A. Babaei, and A. Ataie, Characterization of B Site Codoped LaFeO3 Nanoparticles Prepared Via Co-Precipitation Route, Rare Met., 2018, 37(3), p 181-190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W. Qin, Z. Yuan, Y. Shen, and F. Meng, Macroporous Perovskite-Structured LaFeO3 Microspheres and Their Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensing Properties to Alcohols Gas, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2023, 70(3), p 3188-3198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. E.J. Gildersleeve, and R. Vaßen, Thermally Sprayed Functional Coatings and Multilayers: A Selection of Historical Applications and Potential Pathways for Future Innovation, J. Therm. Spray Techn., 2023, 32(4), p 778-817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R. Kumar, C. Jiang, B. Cottom, M. Gell, and E.H. Jordan, Development of Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) Coatings for Engine Components Using a High Enthalpy Cascaded Arc Gun: Part I, J. Therm. Spray Techn., 2023, 32(5), p 1482-1504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Cottom, R. Kumar, C. Jiang, M. Gell, and E.H. Jordan, Component Demonstration and Engine Validation of Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) Thermal Barrier Coatings: Part II, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2023, 32(5), p 1505-1517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Huang, X. Wang, Y. Gong, Y. Liu, P. Zhou, X. Suo, D. Zeng, and H. Li, Construction of WO3 Coatings with Micro-Nano Hybrid Structures by Liquid Precursor Flame Spray for Enhanced Sensing Performances to Sub-ppm Ozone, Mater. Lett., 2017, 205, p 106-109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C. Zhang, X. Geng, M. Olivier, H. Liao, and M. Debliquy, Solution Precursor Plasma-Sprayed Tungsten Oxide Coatings for Nitrogen Dioxide Detection, Ceram. Int., 2014, 40(7), p 11427-11431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Chien and T.W. Coyle, Rapid and Continuous Deposition of Porous Nanocrystalline SnO2 Coating with Interpenetrating Pores for Gas Sensor Applications, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5), p 886-892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Zhang, X. Geng, H. Li, P.-J. He, M.-P. Planche, H. Liao, M.-G. Olivier, and M. Debliquy, Microstructure and Gas Sensing Properties of Solution Precursor Plasma-Sprayed Zinc Oxide Coatings, Mater. Res. Bull., 2015, 63, p 67-71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Zhang, X. Geng, J. Li, Y. Luo, and P. Lu, Role of Oxygen Vacancy in Tuning of Optical, Electrical and NO2 Sensing Properties of ZnO1−x Coatings at Room Temperature, Sens. Actuators B, 2017, 248, p 886-893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. X. Geng, C. Zhang, Y. Luo, and M. Debliquy, Preparation and Characterization of CuxO1−y@ZnO1−α Nanocomposites for Enhanced Room-Temperature NO2 sensing Applications, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 401, p 248-255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Xu, K. Liu, H. Liao, S. Dosta, and C. Zhang, Suspension Plasma Sprayed ZnO Coatings for CO2 Gas Detection, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2022, 32, p 72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Z.X. Yu, Y.Z. Ma, Y.L. Zhao, J.B. Huang, W.Z. Wang, M. Moliere, and H.L. Liao, Effect of Precursor Solutions on ZnO Film Via Solution Precursor Plasma Spray and Corresponding Gas Sensing Performances, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 412, p 683-689.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. X. Li, W. Ma, J. Wen, Y. Bai, L. Sun, B. Chen, H. Dong, and Y. Shuang, Preparation of SrZrO3 Thermal Barrier Coating by Solution Precursor Plasma Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2017, 26(3), p 371-377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. G.S. Pawar, A. Elikkottil, B. Pesala, A.A. Tahir, and T.K. Mallick, Plasmonic Nickel Nanoparticles Decorated on to LaFeO3 Photocathode for Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Generation, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2019, 44(2), p 578-586.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Sukee, A.A. Alharbi, A. Staerz, A. Wisitsoraat, C. Liewhiran, U. Weimar, and N. Barsan, Effect of AgO Loading on Flame-Made LaFeO3 p-Type Semiconductor Nanoparticles to Acetylene Sensing, Sens. Actuators B, 2020, 312, p 127990.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Zotov, A. Hospach, G. Mauer, D. Sebold, and R. Vaßen, Deposition of La1−xSrxFe1−yCoyO3−δ Coatings with Different Phase Compositions and Microstructures by Low-Pressure Plasma Spraying-Thin Film (LPPS-TF) Processes, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2012, 21(3), p 441-447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. D. Luna-Moreno and D. Monzón-Hernández, Effect of the Pd-Au Thin Film Thickness Uniformity on the Performance of an Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253(21), p 8615-8619.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Michaux, G. Montavon, A. Grimaud, A. Denoirjean, and P. Fauchais, Elaboration of Porous NiO/8YSZ Layers by Several SPS and SPPS Routes, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2010, 19(1), p 317-327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. O. Sarikaya, Effect of Some Parameters on Microstructure and Hardness of Alumina Coatings Prepared by the Air Plasma Spraying Process, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 190(2), p 388-393.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. I.S. Mohd Zulkifli, M.A. Mat Yajid, M.H. Idris, and M. Daroonpavar, The Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Distance of the Agglomerated Maerogel Coated on Inconel 625 Substrate, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2018, 53(7), p 487-491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Dom, G. Sivakumar, N.Y. Hebalkar, S.V. Joshi, and P.H. Borse, Deposition of Nanostructured Photocatalytic Zinc Ferrite Films Using Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying, Mater. Res. Bull., 2012, 47(3), p 562-570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Govindarajan, R.O. Dusane, and S.V. Joshi, In situ Particle Generation and Splat Formation During Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2011, 94(12), p 4191-4199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Mehdizadeh, O. Amiri, S. Rashki, M. Salavati-Niasari, M. Salimian, and L.K. Foong, Effective Removal of Organic Pollution by Using Sonochemical Prepared LaFeO3 Perovskite Under Visible Light, Ultrason. Sonochem., 2020, 61, p 104848.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. N. Sharma, H.S. Kushwaha, S.K. Sharma, and K. Sachdev, Fabrication of LaFeO3 and rGO-LaFeO3 Microspheres Based Gas Sensors for Detection of NO2 and CO, RSC Adv., 2020, 10(3), p 1297-1308.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Zhao, Y. Wang, L. Wang, and Y. **, Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Hierarchically Porous LaFeO3 from a Pomelo Peel Template, Inorg. Chem. Front., 2017, 4(6), p 994-1002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y.J. Xu, S.Y. Song, C.X. Li, B. Hong, D.S. Shi, J.C. Xu, Y.B. Han, H.X. **, D.F. **, X.L. Peng, J. Gong, H.L. Ge, and X.Q. Wang, Magnetic Behavior, Photocatalytic Activity and Gas-Sensing Performance of Porous Lanthanum Ferrites Powders, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2021, 267, p 124628.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. D. Xu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhu, Z. Song, Z. Deng, B. Zi, J. Zhang, J. Zhao, and Q. Liu, A-Site Non-Stoichiometric Defects Engineering in xPt-La0.9Fe0.75Sn0.25O3−δ Hollow Nanofiber for High-Performance Formaldehyde Sensor, J. Mater. Chem. C., 2022, 10(47), p 17907-17916.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Shao, C. Sun, H. Liu, P. He, Q. Liu, J. Sun, J. Li, G. Pan, and X. Yang, Insight Into Au Functionalization on Core-Shell LaFeO3 Spheres for High-Response and Selectivity n-Butanol Gas Sensors with DFT Study, Sens. Actuators B, 2023, 382, p 133506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. K. Liu, Z. Zheng, M. Debliquy, and C. Zhang, Highly-Sensitive volatile Organic Compounds Evaluation by Three-Dimensional ZnFe2O4/ZnSnO3 Heterostructures and Their Predictive Grain Quality Monitoring, Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 453, p 139824.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R. Kumar, S. Govindarajan, R.K. Siri Kiran Janardhana, T.N. Rao, S.V. Joshi, and S. Anandan, Facile One-Step Route for the Development of in Situ Cocatalyst-Modified Ti3+ Self-Doped TiO2 for Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8(41), p 27642-27653.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Zhang, X. Geng, H. Liao, C.-J. Li, and M. Debliquy, Room-Temperature Nitrogen-Dioxide Sensors Based on ZnO1−x Coatings Deposited by Solution Precursor Plasma Spray, Sens. Actuators B, 2017, 242, p 102-111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Sakai, N.S. Baik, N. Miura, and N. Yamazoe, Gas Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide Thin Films Fabricated from Hydrothermally Treated Nanoparticles: Dependence of CO and H2 Response on Film Thickness, Sens. Actuators B, 2001, 77(1), p 116-121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. Liu, D. Zhu, W. Liu, T. Miao, J. Chen, B. Cheng, H. Qin, and J. Hu, Study on Gas Sensing Characteristics of LaFeO3 Sensor Under Multi-Wavelength Light Illumination, Mater. Lett., 2023, 344, p 134350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Kumar, P. Chaturvedi, P. Saho, P. Jha, A. Chouksey, M. Lal, J.S.B.S. Rawat, R.P. Tandon, and P.K. Chaudhury, Effect of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Networks on Gas Sensor Response and Detection Limit, Sens. Actuators B, 2017, 240, p 1134-1140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. G.C.N. Vioto, T.M. Perfecto, C.A. Zito, and D.P. Volanti, Flower-Like NiO for the Detection of 3-methyl-1-butanol, a Microbial Volatile Organic compound, Mater. Lett., 2023, 333, p 133641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Samanta, P. Srinivasan, J.B.B. Rayappan, and K. Kailasam, Ru Quantum Dots Decorated Graphitic Carbon Nitride (Ru-QDs@g-CN) for Chemi-Resistive Sensing of 3-methyl-1-butanol at Room Temperature, Sens. Actuators B, 2022, 368, p 132060.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. L. Liu, W. Yang, H. Zhang, X. Yan, and Y. Liu, Ultra-High Response Detection of Alcohols Based on CdS/MoS2 Composite, Nanoscale Res. Let., 2022, 17(1), p 7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. X. Yan, W. Yang, C. Li, L. Liu, and Y. Liu, CdS Micrometer Hollow Spheres for Detecting Alcohols Except Methanol with Strong Anti-interference Ability, ACS Omega, 2022, 7(1), p 1468-1476.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. J. Qin, Z. Cui, X. Yang, S. Zhu, Z. Li, and Y. Liang, Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous LaFeO3 with Enhanced Methanol Gas Sensing Properties, Sens. Actuators B, 2015, 209, p 706-713.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. C. Yuan, J. Ma, Y. Zou, G. Li, H. Xu, V.V. Sysoev, X. Cheng, and Y. Deng, Modeling Interfacial Interaction between Gas Molecules and Semiconductor Metal Oxides: A New View Angle on Gas Sensing, Adv. Sci., 2022, 9(33), p 2203594.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. I. Jaouali, H. Hamrouni, N. Moussa, M.F. Nsib, M.A. Centeno, A. Bonavita, G. Neri, and S.G. Leonardi, LaFeO3 Ceramics as Selective Oxygen Sensors at Mild Temperature, Ceram. Int., 2018, 44(4), p 4183-4189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. G. Zhang, X.-Z. Song, X.-F. Wang, N. Liu, X. Li, Z. Wei, G. Qian, Z. Wang, S. Yu, and Z. Tan, LnFeO3 (LnLa, Nd, Sm) Derived from Bimetallic Organic Frameworks for Gas Sensor, J. Alloys Compd., 2022, 902, p 163803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Liu, Z. Zheng, J. Xu, and C. Zhang, Enhanced Visible Light-Excited ZnSnO3 for Room Temperature ppm-level CO2 Detection, J. Alloys Compd., 2022, 907, p 164440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. BK20211548, Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University, and Yangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant No. YZ2023246.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Kaichun Xu, Mengjie Han, **yong Xu, Zichen Zheng, Kaidi Wu & Chao Zhang

  2. Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites (IMTCCC), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Zexin Yu

  3. ICB UMR 6303, CNRS, UTBM, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 90010, Belfort, France

    Hanlin Liao

Authors
  1. Kaichun Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mengjie Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. **yong Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zichen Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kaidi Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zexin Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hanlin Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Chao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

KX: methodology, investigation, writing—original draft. MH: investigation, writing—review & editing. JX: writing—review & editing. ZZ: writing—review & editing. KW: writing—review & editing. ZY: writing—review & editing. HL: writing—review & editing. CZ: conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, resources, writing—review & editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, K., Han, M., Xu, J. et al. Highly Sensitive LaFeO3 Coatings Deposited by Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying for Isoamyl Alcohol Detection. J Therm Spray Tech 33, 1205–1219 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-024-01740-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-024-01740-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation