SpringerLink
Log in

Residual Stress Relaxation Behaviors and Fatigue Strength of Micro-Shot Peened EA4T Axle Steel under Constant and Variable Loading

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To investigate the residual stress relaxation behaviors and fatigue strength, EA4T steel specimens are subjected to micro-shot peening (MSP), and part of them are isothermally annealed at 250 °C for 2 hours. Fatigue experiments are conducted on a four-point rotating bending machine under constant and variable loads. Surface compressive residual stress (CRS) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) before the experiment and during fatigue loading are analyzed using the x-ray diffraction method. The results indicate that the CRS of the MSP specimens are relaxed after the isothermal annealing, leading to a decrease in their fatigue strengths. Variable loading slightly increased the fatigue life of the un-peened specimen, but significantly reduced that of the MSP specimens. The effect of CRS relaxation on fatigue strength is analyzed, and the relationship between CRS and FWHM is also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. Regazzi, S. Beretta, and M. Carboni, An Investigation About the Influence of Deep Rolling on Fatigue Crack Growth in Railway Axles Made of a Medium Strength Steel, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2014, 131, p 587–601.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Zhang, J. Zhang, B. Yang, and X. Li, Very High-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Residual Stress Relaxation of Micro-shot-Peened EA4T Axle Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2019, 28, p 6407–6417.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. V. Llaneza and, F.J. Belzunce, Study of the Effects Produced by Shot Peening on the Surface of Quenched and Tempered Steels: Roughness, Residual Stresses and Work Hardening, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 356, p 475–485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Maleki and O. Unal, Roles of Surface Coverage Increase and Re-Peening on Properties of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel in Conventional and Severe Shot Peening Processes, Surf. Interfaces, 2018, 11, p 82–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Wang, G. Wu, T. He, Y. Zhou, and Z. Zhou, Numerical Study of Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Residual Stress Field Induced by Shot Peening, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 29, p 5525–5539.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Gencalp Irizalp, N. Saklakoglu, F. Baris, and S. Kayral, Effect of Shot Peening on Residual Stress Distribution and Microstructure Evolution of Artificially Defected 50CrV4 Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 29, p 7607–7616.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Maleki, O. Unal, and A. Amanov, Novel Experimental Methods for the Determination of the Boundaries Between Conventional Severe and Over Shot Peening Processes, Surf. Interfaces, 2018, 13, p 233–254.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Z.G. Liu, T.I. Wong, W. Huang, N. Sridhar, and S.J. Wang, Effect of Surface Polishing Treatment on the Fatigue Performance of Shot-Peened Ti–6Al–4V Alloy, Acta Metall. Sinica, 2017, 30, p 630–640.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Gao, X. Li, Q. Yang, and M. Yao, Influence of Surface Integrity on Fatigue Strength of 40CrNi2Si2MoVA Steel, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61, p 466–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. X. Li, J. Zhang, B. Yang, J. Zhang, M. Wu, and L. Lu, Effect of Micro-Shot Peening, Conventional Shot Peening and their Combination on Fatigue Property of EA4T Axle Steel, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2020, 275, p 116320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Harada, K. Fukaura, and S. Haga, Influence of Microshot Peening on Surface Layer Characteristics of Structural Steel, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2007, 191, p 297–301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Zhang, X. Li, B. Yang, H. Wang, and J. Zhang, Effect of Micro-Shot Peening on Fatigue Properties of Precipitate Strengthened Cu-Ni-Si Alloy in Air and in Salt Atmosphere, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2019, 359, p 16–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Kim, S. Cheong, and H. Noguchi, Residual Stress Relaxation and Low- and High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Shot-Peened Medium-Carbon Steel, Int. J. Fatigue, 2013, 56, p 114–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Dalaei, B. Karlsson, and L.E. Svensson, Stability of Shot Peening Induced Residual Stresses and their Influence on Fatigue Lifetime, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 1008–1015.

    Google Scholar 

  15. O.S. Zaroog, A. Ali, B.B. Sahari, and R. Zahari, Modeling of Residual Stress Relaxation of Fatigue in 2024–T351 Aluminium Alloy, Int. J. Fatigue, 2011, 33, p 279–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Leguinagoicoa, J. Albizuri, and A. Larrañaga, Fatigue Improvement and Residual Stress Relaxation of Shot-Peened Alloy Steel DIN 34CrNiMo6 Under Axial Loading, Int. J. Fatigue, 2022, 162, p 107006.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Dalaei, B. Karlsson, and L.E. Svensson, Stability of Residual Stresses Created by Shot Peening of Pearlitic Steel and their Influence on Fatigue Behaviour, Procedia Eng., 2010, 2, p 613–622.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Kim, S. Cheong, and H. Noguchi, Evolution of Residual Stress Redistribution Associated with Localized Surface Microcracking in Shot-Peened Medium-Carbon Steel During Fatigue Test, Int. J. Fatigue, 2013, 55, p 147–157.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Qin, V. Ji, S.Y. Ma, and J.B. Li, A Study on Residual Stress Relaxation Under Quasi-Static Load, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2005, 490–491, p 430–435.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Fu, R. Chu, Z. Xu, G. Ding, and C. Jiang, Relation of Hardness with FWHM and Residual Stress of GCr15 Steel After Shot Peening, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 431, p 165–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Holzapfel, V. Schulze, O. Vöhringer, and E. Macherauch, Residual Stress Relaxation in an AISI 4140 Steel Due to Quasistatic and Cyclic Loading at Higher Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 248, p 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Luke, I. Varfolomeev, K. Lütkepohl, and A. Esderts, Fracture Mechanics Assessment of Railway Axles: Experimental Characterization and Computation, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2010, 17, p 617–623.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. SAE International, Procedures for Using Standard Shot Peening Test Strip, SAE, 2003, pp. J443.

  24. J. Lin, N. Ma, Y. Lei, and H. Murakawa, Measurement of Residual Stress in Arc Welded Lap Joints by Cosα x-ray Diffraction Method, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2017, 243, p 387–394.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.G. Moore and W.P. Evans, Mathematical Correction for Stress in Removed Layers in x-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Analysis, SAE J Trans, 1958, 66, p 340–345.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Y.L. Lee, J. Pan, R.B. Hathaway, and M. Barkey, Fatigue Testing and Analysis: Theory and Practice Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005, p 119–123

    Google Scholar 

  27. M.A.S. Torres and H.J.C. Voorwald, An Evaluation of Shot Peening, Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation on the Fatigue Life of AISI 4340 Steel, Int. J. Fatigue, 2002, 24, p 877–886.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.W. Zhang, L.T. Lu, K. Shiozawa, X.L. Shen, H.F. Yi, and W.H. Zhang, Analysis on Fatigue Property of Microshot Peened Railway Axle Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 1615–1622.

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Kodama, The Behaviour of Residual Stress During Fatigue Stress Cycles, Int. Conf. Mech. Behav. Mater., 1971, 2, p 111–118.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Jaap, Fatigue of Structures and Materials, Springer, Dordrecht, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  31. K. Zhan, L.C. **e, C.H. Jiang, and V. Ji, Thermostability of S30432 Shot Peened Surface Layer, Surf. Eng., 2013, 29, p 61–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Avilés, R. Avilés, J. Albizuri, L. Pallarés-Santasmartas, and A. Rodríguez, Effect of Shot-Peening and Low-Plasticity Burnishing on the High-Cycle Fatigue Strength of DIN 34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel, Int. J. Fatigue, 2019, 119, p 338–354.

    Google Scholar 

  33. V. Biju, N. Sugathan, V. Vrinda, and S.L. Salini, Estimation of Lattice Strain in Nanocrystalline Silver from X-ray Diffraction Line Broadening, J. Mater. Sci., 2008, 43, p 1175–1179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Bagherifard, I. Fernandez-Pariente, R. Ghelichi, and M. Guagliano, Effect of Severe Shot Peening on Microstructure and Fatigue Strength of Cast Iron, Int. J. Fatigue, 2014, 65, p 64–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Lasse and K. Tiitto, Evaluation of Quality in Shot Peened Components With Barkhausen Noise, MAT-TEC 93 Improv. Mater., 1993, 93, p 271–277.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51675445 and 52075457).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China

    Jiwang Zhang, Hang Li, Shoudong Zhu, Dongdong Ji & Kaixin Su

Authors
  1. Jiwang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shoudong Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dongdong Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kaixin Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiwang Zhang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This invited article is part of a special topical issue of the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance on Residual Stress Analysis: Measurement, Effects, and Control. The issue was organized by Rajan Bhambroo, Tenneco, Inc.; Lesley Frame, University of Connecticut; Andrew Payzant, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and James Pineault, Proto Manufacturing on behalf of the ASM Residual Stress Technical Committee.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, J., Li, H., Zhu, S. et al. Residual Stress Relaxation Behaviors and Fatigue Strength of Micro-Shot Peened EA4T Axle Steel under Constant and Variable Loading. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 33, 3770–3780 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08715-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08715-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation