SpringerLink
Log in

Cryogenic and Dry Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy for Evaluation of Microhardness, Thermal Loads, Microstructure, and Surface Quality

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cryogenic cooling is an efficient technology to facilitate the machining process of difficult-to-cut materials. Performing this process with nontoxic biocompatible liquid nitrogen is an eco-friendly operation which has recently received much attention due to its promising advantages. In the present work, a comparative study has been performed on the machining process of Ti6Al4V alloy using dry and cryogenic cooling approaches. So, the effect of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) is investigated on the process temperature and the surface integrity features such as surface roughness, microhardness, and grain size. The results revealed that the cryogenic technology decreases the cutting region temperature by about 30% which means applying less thermal loads on the machining samples. Also, among the process parameters, the feed rate has the greatest effect and the cutting speed has the least effect on the machining temperature. Based on the results, the cryogenic cooling has a successful effect on improving surface quality. It was also discovered that the cryogenic machining increases microhardness and decreases grain size compared to dry machining.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Spain)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Gunessu, MS. Yilmas, E. Tascioglu et al. Effect of Drag Finish Post-processing on Surface Integrity and Wear Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07038-2.

  2. D. Yu, P. Mozammel, M.K. Gupta et al., Improvement of Machinability of Ti and its Alloys using Cooling-Lubrication Techniques: A Review and Future Prospect, J. Market. Res., 2021, 11, p 719–753.

    Google Scholar 

  3. O. Kalantari, F. Jafarian and M.M. Fallah, Comparative Investigation of Surface Integrity in Laser Assisted and Conventional Machining of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 62, p 90–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Danish, K. Aslantas, A. Hascelik et al., An experimental investigations on effects of cooling/lubrication conditions in micro milling of additively manufactured Inconel 718. Tribol. Int., 2022, 173, 107620.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K.-H. Park, M.A. Suhaimi, G.-D. Yang et al., Milling of Titanium Alloy with Cryogenic Cooling and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., 2017, 18, p 5–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Danish, M.K. Gupta, S. Rubaiee et al., Environmental, Technological and Economical Aspects of Cryogenic Assisted Hard Machining Operation of Inconel 718: A Step Towards Green Manufacturing. J. Cleaner Prod., 2022, 337, 130483.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Sun, M. Brandt, S. Palanisamy et al., Effect of Cryogenic Compressed Air on the Evolution of Cutting Force and Tool Wear During Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2015, 221, p 243–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A.A. Khan and M.I. Ahmed, Improving Tool Life Using Cryogenic Cooling, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 196, p 149–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Yuan, L. Yan, W. Liu et al., Effects of Cooling air Temperature on Cryogenic Machining of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2011, 211, p 356–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R.B. Da Silva, W.F. Sales, E.S. Costa et al., Surface Integrity and Tool Life When Turning of Ti-6Al-4V with Coolant Applied by Different Methods, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 93, p 1893–1902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Umbrello and G. Rotella, Fatigue life of machined Ti6Al4V alloy under different cooling conditions, CIRP Ann., 2018, 67, p 99–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Pusavec, H. Hamdi, J. Kopac et al., Surface Integrity in Cryogenic Machining of Nickel Based Alloy—Inconel 718, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2011, 211, p 773–783.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Umbrello, S. Yang, O. Dillon et al., Effects of Cryogenic Cooling on Surface Layer Alterations in Machining of AISI 52100 Steels, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2012, 28, p 1320–1331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Caudill, B. Huang, C. Arvin et al., Enhancing the Surface Integrity of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Through Cryogenic Burnishing, Procedia CIRP, 2014, 13, p 243–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Bordin, S. Bruschi, A. Ghiotti et al., Analysis of Tool Wear in Cryogenic Machining of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy, Wear, 2015, 328, p 89–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Bordin, S. Sartori, S. Bruschi et al., Experimental Investigation on the Feasibility of Dry and Cryogenic Machining as Sustainable Strategies when Turning Ti6Al4V Produced by Additive Manufacturing, J. Clean. Prod., 2017, 142, p 4142–4151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Shokrani, V. Dhokia and S.T. Newman, Investigation of the Effects of Cryogenic Machining on Surface Integrity in CNC end Milling of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy, J. Manuf. Process., 2016, 21, p 172–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Sun, S. Qu, Y. Pan et al., Effects of Cutting Parameters on Dry Machining Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Ultra-hard Tools, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2015, 79, p 351–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Ayed, G. Germain, A.P. Melsio et al., Impact of Supply Conditions of Liquid Nitrogen on Tool Wear and Surface Integrity when Machining the Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2017, 93, p 1199–1206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Schoop, W.F. Sales and I. Jawahir, High Speed Cryogenic Finish Machining of Ti-6Al4V with Polycrystalline Diamond Tools, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2017, 250, p 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Yang, S. Sun, M. Brandt et al., Experimental Investigation and 3D Finite Element Prediction of the Heat Affected Zone During Laser Assisted Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210, p 2215–2222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Jafarian, 3D Modeling of Recrystallized Layer Depth and Residual Stress in Dry Machining of Nickel-based Alloy, J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 2019, 41, p 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Sarikaya, M.K. Gupta, I. Tomaz et al., Cooling Techniques to Improve the Machinability and Sustainability of Light-weight Alloys: A State-of-the-art Review, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 62, p 179–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. G. Rotella, O. Dillon, D. Umbrello et al., The Effects of Cooling Conditions on Surface Integrity in Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2014, 71, p 47–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Meghdad Fallah

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran

    Farshid Jafarian

Authors
  1. Mohammad Meghdad Fallah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farshid Jafarian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Meghdad Fallah.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fallah, M.M., Jafarian, F. Cryogenic and Dry Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy for Evaluation of Microhardness, Thermal Loads, Microstructure, and Surface Quality. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 5895–5905 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07512-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07512-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation