Abstract
As a high-precision survey method, seismic surveying has been increasingly applied to inland water research, although its application to artificial reservoirs has remained limited. As a special artificial water body, reservoirs have important effects on the fluvial transport of material from land to ocean, and inevitably have complex terrain which can complicate and distort the results of seismic surveys. Therefore, there are still some problems need to be resolved in the application of seismic surveys in reservoirs with complex terrain. For this study, the Dongfeng Reservoir located in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River was chosen as an example to test the seismic survey method. Our testing showed that (1) because of the complex underwater terrain, the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal in canyon reservoir is low, making it difficult to determine sediment layers thicknesses in some areas; and (2) due to the large spatial heterogeneity of sediment distribution, insufficient density of cross-sections can lead to inaccurate interpolation results. To improve the accuracy of calculations, a mathematical method was used. Ultimately, the total burial mass of sediment was estimated at 2.85 × 107 tons, and the average burial rates of total organic carbon, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen were estimated at 0.194, 0.011, and 0.014 g cm−2 year−1, respectively. These values were close to the results of previous studies and hydrographic station data, indicating that seismic survey can be a reliable and efficient method for the map** of reservoirs.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11631-019-00353-x/MediaObjects/11631_2019_353_Fig6_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham J, Allen PM, Dunbar JA, Dworkin SI (1999) Sediment type distribution in reservoirs: sediment source versus morphometry. Environ Earth Sci 38:101–110
Adams EW, Schlager W, Anselmetti FS (2001) Morphology and curvature of delta slopes in Swiss lakes: lessons for the interpretation of clinoforms in seismic data. Sedimentology 48:661–679
Balcom PH, Hammerschmidt CR, Fitzgerald WF, Lamborg CH, O’Connor JS (2008) Seasonal distributions and cycling of mercury and methylmercury in the waters of New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary. Mar Chem 109:1–17
Bennett SJ, Dunbar JA, Rhoton FE et al (2013) Assessing sedimentation issues within aging flood-control reservoirs. Revi Eng Geol 21:25–44
Beusen AHW, Dekkers ALM, Bouwman AF et al (2005) Estimation of global river transport of sediments and associated particulate C, N, and P. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 19:GB4S05
Blais JM, Kalff J (1995) The influence of lake morphometry on sediment focusing. Limnol Oceanogr 40:582–588
Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Galloway JN et al (2006) Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 20:GB1S91
Chen GX, Jia XT, Chen Z (2004) Application engineering geophysical prospecting method in shallow sea geological survey. J Geol 28:145–148
Crann CA, Patterson RT, Macumber AL et al (2015) Sediment accumulation rates in subarctic lakes: insights into age-depth modeling from 22 dated lake records from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Quat Geochronol 27:131–144
Cui SL, Qu L, Pan SC (2016) The application of shallow profile sonar detection technology in reservoir sedimentation measurement. Jilin Water Resour 8:46–48
Davis MB, Ford MS (1982) Sediment focusing in Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Limnol Oceanogr 27:137–150
Downing JA, Cole JJ, Middelburg JJ et al (2008) Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 22:GB1018
Feng XB, Jiang HM, Qiu GL et al (2009) Geochemical processes of mercury in Wujiangdu and Dongfeng reservoirs, Guizhou, China. Environ Pollut 157:2970–2984
Ferland M, del Giorgio PA, Teodoru CR, Prairie YT (2012) Long-term C accumulation and total C stocks in boreal lakes in northern Québec. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB0E04
Hamilton DP, Schladow SG (1997) Prediction of water quality in lakes and reservoirs. Part I—model description. Ecol Model 96:91–110
He T, Yang WF, Xlie J, Yu HS (2015) Distribution characteristics and environmental significance of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in core sediments of Daya Bay. Mar Environ Sci 34:524–529
Hilbe M, Anselmetti FS, Eilertsen RS et al (2011) Subaqueous morphology of Lake Lucerne (Central Switzerland): implications for mass movements and glacial history. Swiss J Geosci 104:425–443
Hua ZL, Wang HY, Wang L, Wang YL (2016) Comparison of different methods for interpolation of topography of discrete rivers. Adv Sci Technol Water Resour 36:16–19
Humborg C, Ittekkot V, Cociasu A, Bodungen BV (1997) Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. Nature 386:385
Ji X (2017) Classification of seabed sediment and terrain complexity based on multibeam data. The First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao
Jia X, Luo W, Wu X, Wei H, Wang B, Phyoe W, Wang F (2017) Historical record of nutrients inputs into the **n’an Reservoir and its potential environmental implication. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 24:20330–20341
Klaver G, van Os B, Negrel P, Petelet-Giraud E (2007) Influence of hydropower dams on the composition of the suspended and riverbank sediments in the Danube. Environ Pollut 148:718–728
Knoll LB, Vanni MJ, Renwick WH, Kollie S (2014) Burial rates and stoichiometry of sedimentary carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Midwestern US reservoirs. Freshw Biol 59:2342–2353
Kunz MJ, Anselmetti FS, Wüest A et al (2011) Sediment accumulation and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus deposition in the large tropical reservoir Lake Kariba (Zambia/Zimbabwe). J Geophys Res 116:G03003
Lehman JT (1975) Reconstructing the rate of accumulation of lake sediment: the effect of sediment focusing. Quatern Res 5:541–550
Liu CQ, Wang FS, Wang YC, Wang BL (2009) Responses of aquatic environment to river damming—from the geochemical view. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin 18:384
Mendonça R, Kosten S, Sobek S (2014) Carbon sequestration in a large hydroelectric reservoir: an integrative seismic approach. Ecosystems 17:430–441
Meybeck M (1982) Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers. Am J Sci 282:401–450
Mulholland PJ, Elwood JW (1982) The role of lake and reservoir sediments as sinks in the perturbed global carbon cycle. Tellus A 34:490–499
Ni ZK, Li YJ, Wang SR, ** XC, Chu Z (2011) The sources of organic carbon and nitrogen in sediment of Taihu Lake. Acta Ecol Sin 31:4611–4670
Pajunen H (2000) Lake sediments: their carbon store and related accumulations rates. Spec Pap Geol Surv Finl 29:39–69
Pang Y, Yan RR, Yu ZB et al (2008) Suspension-sedimentation of sediment and release amount of internal load in Lake Taihu affected by wind. Huan **g Ke Xue 29:2456–2464
Poff NL, Olden JD, Merritt DM, David MP (2007) Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:5732–5737
Qin YS, Xu SM, Li F, Zhao SJ (1983) Study on geotechnical properties of sediment cores in Weastern Bohai Sea. Oceanol Limnol Sin 14:305–314
Regnier P, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P (2013) Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean. Nat Geosci 6:597–607
Ritter JR (1972) Cyclic sedimentation in Agua Hedionda Lagoon, Sourthern California. J Waterw Harb Coast Eng Div 98:597–602
Salençon MJ, Thébault JM (1996) Simulation model of a mesotrophic reservoir (Lac de Pareloup, France): MELODIA, an ecosystem reservoir management model. Ecol Model 84:163–187
Sarmiento JL, Sundquist ET (1992) Revised budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Nature 365:589
Smoak JM, Swarzenski PW (2004) Recent increases in sediment and nutrient accumulation in Bear Lake, Utah/Idaho, USA. Hydrobiologia 525:175–184
Teodoru C, Wehrli B (2005) Retention of sediments and nutrients in the iron gate I reservoir on the danube river. Biogeochemistry 76:539–565
Varol M (2011) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. J Hazard Mater 195:355–364
Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW et al (1997) human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7:737–750
Wang YC (2001) Biogeochemistry of nutrient elements (P, N, C) in sediment-water interface of Hongfeng lake and Baihua lake in guizhou province. Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute Of Geochemistry), Bei**g
Wang GJ, Bai ZG, Wang HR, Huang RG (2000) The geochemical records of C-N-S-P in recent sediments of Lake Erhai. China Geochim 29:189–197
Wang F, Yu Y, Liu C, Wang B, Wang Y, Guan J, Mei H et al (2010) Dissolved silicate retention and transport in cascade reservoirs in Karst area, Southwest China. Sci Total Environ 408:1667–1675
Wu XL, Zhang X, **ang XH et al (2018) Runoff and sediment variations in the upstream of Wujiang River Basin and the influences of hydropower station construction. Chin J Ecol 37:642–650
Wunderlich J, Wendt G, Müller S (2005) High-resolution echo-sounding and detection of embedded archaeological objects with nonlinear sub-bottom profilers. Mar Geophys Res 26:123–133
**ang P, Wang SL, Lu WQ et al (2016) Distribution and retention efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in Cascade Reservoirs in Wujiang River Basin. Earth Environ 44:492–501
Yang YX, **ang P, Lu WQ, Wang SL (2017) The sedimentation rate and burial fluxes of carbon and nitrogen in Wujiangdu Reservoir, Guizhou, China. Earth Environ 45:66–73
Yin R, Wang FS, Mei HY et al (2010) Distribution of phosphorus forms in the sediments of cascade reservoirs with different trophic states in Wujiang catchment. Chin J Ecol 29:91–97
Yin JY, Yi DQ, Wang R (2014) Research progress on mercury methylation in sediments. Asian J Ecotoxicol 9:819–831
Zhu J (2005) Effects of dams on the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in the Wujiang River. Chinese Academy of Science (Institute of Geochemistry), Bei**g
Zhu L (2010) Study on high-precision method of shallow profile seismic data processing and interpretation. Ocean University of China, Qingdao
Zhu CQ, Zhou L, Zhang H et al (2017) Preliminary study of physical and mechanical properties of surface sediment in Northern South China Sea. J Eng Geol 25:1566–1573
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank our colleagues who contributed to this study: Huang Jiaqi, Jia **aobin, Zhou Tao, Wei Haobin and Chen Tianyu. They were instrumental in sampling and data processing. We acknowledge Li Shuang and Wai Wai Phyoe for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41573064) and the National Key Research and Development program of China (No. 2016YFA0601003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, N., Qin, Y., Hao, F. et al. Using seismic surveys to investigate sediment distribution and to estimate burial fluxes of OC, N, and P in a canyon reservoir. Acta Geochim 38, 785–795 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-019-00353-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-019-00353-x