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Acute Upper Non-variceal and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Abstract

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common surgical emergency requiring hospital admission and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate decision-making is essential to make a prompt diagnosis, accurate risk assessment, and proper resuscitation of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite multiple randomized trials and meta-analyses, there is still controversy on various management issues like appropriate risk stratification, the timing of endoscopy, choosing an appropriate endoscopic, and radiological intervention in these groups of patients. As the usage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet, and antithrombotic agents is common in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, the physician is challenged with proper management of these drugs. The present review summarizes the current strategies for risk stratification, localization of bleeding source, endoscopic and radiological intervention in patients with acute nonvariceal upper GI, middle GI, and lower GI bleeding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605006, India

    Vikram Kate, Sathasivam Sureshkumar, Balakrishnan Gurushankari & Raja Kalayarasan

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  1. Vikram Kate
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  2. Sathasivam Sureshkumar
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Contributions

Vikram Kate: VK

Sathasivam Sureshkumar: SK

Balakrishnan Gurushankari: G

Raja Kalayarasan: K

VK: Project development, Data analysis & collection, Manuscript writing/editing

SK: Data analysis & collection, Manuscript writing/editing

G: Data analysis & collection, Manuscript writing/editing

K: Data analysis & collection, Manuscript writing/editing

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Correspondence to Vikram Kate.

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Kate, V., Sureshkumar, S., Gurushankari, B. et al. Acute Upper Non-variceal and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. J Gastrointest Surg 26, 932–949 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-022-05258-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-022-05258-4

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