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Sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources considering the effects of climate change and land use to provide adaptation solutions (case study of the Hashtgerd plain)

  • Research Article - Hydrology
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Abstract

Population growth and increasing demand for water have posed a significant challenge to access to safe water resources. Climate change and land use in the not-too-distant future add to the complexity of this challenge. Therefore, it is essential to achieve reliable methods for predicting changes in aquifer storage to plan for the sustainable use of groundwater resources. This study aimed to investigate the management, protection, and sustainable use of groundwater resources under climate change and land use change conditions. In this regard, groundwater supply and demand in one of the important plains in Iran (Hashtgerd plain) for 2020 as the base year was simulated to forecast the trends until 2050 by considering climate change and land use to develop management scenarios to adapt to these conditions using the WEAP model. First, climate change prediction was performed using the HadGEM2-ES model under two emission scenarios, RCP2.6, and RCP8.5, of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. The LARS-WG model was used to downscale the climatic data, while land use map** was performed using Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2005, and 2020 in ENVI 5.3 software. Then, the Markov chain method implemented in TerrSet software was used to model land use change for 2050. The effect of climate change and land use on the decrease of groundwater level was then simulated using the MODFLOW model for the period 2020–2050. In order to manage the water allocation in the area, the information obtained from MODFLOW was transferred to the WEAP model using Link Kitchen interface software. The effects of various management scenarios such as increasing irrigation efficiency, reducing the loss of drinking water distribution networks, and allocating water from the transmission line were evaluated on the adaptation to climate change and land use for a 30-year period. The results showed that with the simultaneous consideration of climate change and land use in the most critical state, the average drop in groundwater level would reach 58 m during the study period, and aquifer reserves will be reduced by more than 50%. The evaluation of management scenarios showed that their implementation not only will protect aquifer reserves but, in addition to meeting 100% of the water needs, will result in sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Abolfazl Hanifehlou, Seyed Abbas Hosseini & Ahmad Sharafati

  2. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Saman Javadi

Authors
  1. Abolfazl Hanifehlou
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  2. Seyed Abbas Hosseini
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  3. Saman Javadi
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  4. Ahmad Sharafati
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Contributions

AH: methodology, software code, validation, formal analysis, writing, original draft. SAH: investigation including data collection and calibration, and writing, reviewing and editing. SJ and AS: writing, reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Seyed Abbas Hosseini.

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The manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. The order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of the authors.

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Edited by Dr. Achilleas Samaras (ASSOCIATE EDITOR) / Dr. Michael Nones (CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF).

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Hanifehlou, A., Hosseini, S.A., Javadi, S. et al. Sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources considering the effects of climate change and land use to provide adaptation solutions (case study of the Hashtgerd plain). Acta Geophys. 70, 1829–1846 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-022-00843-2

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