Abstract
Cryogenic treatment was used to improve the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V artificial hip joint implants. Cryogenic treatment at −196 °C with different holding time were carried out on Ti6Al4V specimens fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM), and their microstructure and tribological properties evolution were systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vickers hardness, and wear tests. The experimental results show that the as-fabricated specimen consists of lamellar α phase and β columnar crystal. While, the thickness of lamellar α phase decreased after cryogenic treatment. In addition, it can be found that the fine α phase was precipitated and dispersed between the lamellar α phase with the holding time increase. Vickers hardness shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The wear rate of the specimen cryogenic treated for 24 h is the minimum and the average friction coefficient is 0.50, which is reduced by 14.61% compared with the as-fabricated. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated specimen is severe exfoliation, adhesive, abrasive, and slight fatigue wear. However, the specimen cryogenic treated for 24 h shows slight adhesive and abrasive wear. It can be concluded that it is feasibility of utilizing cryogenic treatment to reduce the wear of EBMed Ti6Al4V.
References
Liu Y, She GR, Chen SX. Magnetic Resonance Image Diagnosis of Femoral Head Necrosis Based on ResNet18 Network[J]. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2021, 208: 106 254
Myers CA, Laz PJ, Shelburne KB, et al. Simulated Hip Abductor Strengthening Reduces Peak Joint Contact Forces in Patients with Total Hip Arthroplasty[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2019, 93: 18–27
Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, et al. Projections of Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030[J]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2007, 8: 780–785
Jamari, Tauviqirrahman M, Husein HR, et al. Effect of Surface Texturing on the Performance of Artificial Hip Joint for Muslim Prayer (Salat) Activity[J]. Biotribology, 2021, 26: 1611–1618
Buciumeanu M, Almeida S, Bartolomeu F, et al. Ti6Al4V Cellular Structures Impregnated with Biomedical PEEK-New Material Design for Improved Tribological Behavior[J]. Tribology International, 2018, 119: 157–164
Dantas TA, Abreu CS, Costa MM, et al. Bioactive Materials Driven Primary Stability on Titanium Biocomposites[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C, 2017, 77: 1104–1110
Su YC, Luo C, Zhang ZH, et al. Bioinspired Surface Functionalization of Metallic Biomaterials[J]. Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018, 77: 90–105
Geetha M, Singh AK, Asokamani R, et al. Ti Based Biomaterials, the Ultimate Choice for Orthopaedic Implants-A Review[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2009, 54(3): 397–425
Bonfield W, Grynpas MD. Anisotropy of the Young’s Modulus of Bone[J]. Nature, 1977, 270: 453–454
Parthasarathy J, Starly B, Raman S. A Design for the Additive Manufacture of Functionally Graded Porous Structures with Tailored Mechanical Properties for Biomedical Applications[J]. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2011, 13: 160–170
Jakus AE, Rutz AL, Shah RN. Advancing the Field of 3D Biomaterial Printing[J]. Biomedical Materials, 2016, 11: 014 102
Gu KX, Wang JJ, Zhou Y. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Applications[J]. Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2014, 30: 131–139
Atar E. Sliding Wear Performances of 316 L, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo Alloys[J]. Kovove Materials, 2013, 51: 183–188
Vieira AC, Ribeiro AR, Rocha LA, et al. Influence of pH and Corrosion Inhibitors on the Tribocorrosion of Titanium in Artificial Saliva[J]. Wear, 2006, 261: 994–1001
Choudhury D, Lackner JM, Major L, et al. Improved Wear Resistance of Functional Diamond Like Carbon Coated Ti-6Al-4V Alloys in an Edge Loading Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2016, 59: 586–595
Singla AK, Singh J, Kumar P, et al. Impact of Cryogenic Treatment on HCF and FCP Performance of α-Solution Treated Ti-6Al-4V ELI Biomaterial[J]. Materials, 2020, 13: 500
Bertolini R, Lizzul L, Pezzato L, et al. Improving Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy by Cryogenic Machining[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 5–8: 2839–2850
Huang XN, Ding SB, Yue W. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Tribological Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 12: 1979–1987
Khanna R, Kokubo T, Matsushita T, et al. Fabrication of Dense a-alumina Layer on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Hybrid for Bearing Surfaces of Artificial Hip Joint[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C, 2016, 69: 1229–1239
Gu KX, Zhang H, Zhao B, et al. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment and Aging Treatment on the Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2013, 584: 170–176
Zhang Y L, Fang XY, Wang HT, et al. Microstructure and Low-cycle Fatigue Performance of Selective Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Al-loy[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2022, 163: 107 017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
All authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Additional information
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42102345), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2023ZKPYJD03)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, X., Ma, X. & Xu, T. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Tribological Property Evolution of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 39, 1010–1017 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-024-2964-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-024-2964-9