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Biomarkers for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: We Are Not There Yet

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of approved therapies that increase survival of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Current treatment guidelines provide therapeutic management recommendations, but these are primarily based on clinical factors such as performance status or site of metastasis (bone vs. visceral), and not on underlying molecular or cellular features of disease that may predict response. The ability to tailor treatment based on molecular or cellular features of disease could potentially reduce the occurrence of unnecessary side effects and ineffective treatments, and thereby reduce both direct and indirect medical costs. As such, it is important to identify and validate new prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers that can be used to direct cancer treatment. This review will focus on existing and potential biomarkers in the context of castration-resistant prostate cancer management and discuss the need for continued discovery and validation of new biomarkers and biomarker panels for prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Smilow Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208032, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Daniel P. Petrylak

  2. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    E. David Crawford

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Drs. Petrylak and Crawford developed the concept for the review, provided guidance on content, critically reviewed and edited each draft, and provided final approval to submit the manuscript to Targeted Oncology.

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Correspondence to Daniel P. Petrylak.

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Funding

The topic of this manuscript was initially discussed during a roundtable meeting sponsored by Janssen Biotech, Inc. The resultant transcript of this and subsequent discussions among the authors led to the development of this manuscript. The authors developed the report independently without contribution, oversight, or review of the content by the sponsor. Thus, the content reflects the exclusive knowledge and expert opinions of the authors. Medical writing support for the roundtable meeting and manuscript development was provided by Meryl Gersh, PhD, of AlphaBioCom, LLC (King of Prussia, PA, USA), and sponsored by Janssen Biotech, Inc. The authors did not receive any compensation for the preparation of the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

Dr. Crawford has received consulting fees from Bayer, MDx, Genomic Health, Janssen, Dendreon, and Ferring. Dr. Petrylak reports that he has received grants or has grants pending from Oncogenix, Progenics, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Millennium, Dendreon, Sanofi Aventis, Agenysis, Eli Lilly, and Roche Laboratories; received consulting fees or honorarium from Bayer, Bellicum, Dendreon, Sanofi Aventis, Johnson and Johnson, Exelixis, Ferring, Millennium, Medivation, Pfizer, Roche Laboratories, and Tyme Technologies; and owns stock or stock options in Bellicum and Tyme Technologies.

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Petrylak, D.P., Crawford, E.D. Biomarkers for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: We Are Not There Yet. Targ Oncol 12, 401–412 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11523-017-0500-y

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