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GST-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Reconfigurable Biosensor for Detection of Human Sperm

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose a tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor using a phase change chalcogenide material (Ge2Sb2Te5) by the transfer matrix method for the detection of human sperm samples. The growing challenge in natural reproduction lies in the heightened infertility of human sperm, attributed to fluctuations in environmental factors. Effectively tackling these concerning aspects requires the utilization of advanced computer-aided devices. However, the precision of such devices, particularly when dealing with low concentrations of sperm, is not meeting the required standards. The proposed SPR biosensor comprises layers of Ag, BaTiO3, and GST for sperm detection. Achieving tunable and improved refractive index sensing along with a substantial figure of merit (FOM) is accomplished by transitioning the structural phase of GST from amorphous to crystalline. The sensing performances are assessed based on sensitivity, quality factor, detection accuracy, and FOM at a wavelength of 633 nm. The average angular sensitivity achieved is 236 deg/RIU for the crystalline phase and 286 deg/RIU for the amorphous phase, respectively. This sensitivity is observed within the dynamic range of refractive index (RI) spanning from 1.33 to 1.3461 RIU. The performance of our proposed SPR biosensor surpasses that of other reported works.

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Acknowledgements

Gracia Nirmala Rani extends heartfelt gratitude to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) for their generous funding of this project under the scheme “Teachers Associateship for Research Excellence” (TARE), with reference no. TAR/2021/000335. Their support has been instrumental in the successful completion of this research, and we are deeply grateful for their contribution. N Ayyanar acknowledges SERB SURE, India, for providing financial assistantship through State University Research Excellence (SUR/2022/003424).

Funding

Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) under the scheme “Teachers Associateship for Research Excellence” (TARE), with reference no. TAR/2021/000335, and SERB SURE, India, State University Research Excellence (SUR/2022/003424).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, 625 015, India

    N. Ayyanar, Gracia Nirmala Rani, K. Dharshini, G. Madhumita, G. Prabhakar & S. Rajaram

  2. Department of Physics, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Pottapalaiyam, 630612, India

    N. R. Ramanujam

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  1. N. Ayyanar
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  4. G. Madhumita
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  6. G. Prabhakar
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Contributions

Dharshini K, Madhumita G, and Ayyanar N contributed to designing the model through numerical analysis and also written manuscript. N.R. Ramanujam contributed to the sample RI preparation. The first draft of the manuscript is written and also verified results by Gracia Nirmala Rani, Prabhakar G, and Rajaram S. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to N. Ayyanar.

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Ayyanar, N., Rani, G.N., Dharshini, K. et al. GST-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Reconfigurable Biosensor for Detection of Human Sperm. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02361-x

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