SpringerLink
Log in

Visual and Sensitive Detection of Milk Adulterant Melamine by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Characteristics of Ag-MOF@Fe/SnO2 Nanocomposite

  • Research
  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Melamine is being added in pet food, milk and infant formula to enhance its “false” apparent protein contents but when it is present in milk beyond its allowed limit, it causes serious health problems which leads to renal failure and kidney stones. In this work a highly selective, sensitive and rapid method has been developed for determination of melamine as potential milk adulterant. Ag-MOFs doped with magnetic nanocatalyst were synthesized by using chemical reduction method and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The strong SPR peak of Ag-MOFs was observed at 400–500 nm and Fe-SnO2 was observed at 250–300 nm. The absorption band of Ag-MOF@Fe/SnO2 was found at 250–350 nm with energy band gap of 2.78. The average particle size of nanocomposite was found to be 54.11 nm having uniform and crystalline shape. Different factors i.e. adsorbent dose, adsorbate dose, pH, temperature and time were optimized for maximum sensing of melamine. Prepared nanocomposite showed 97% detection efficiency for melamine at pH = 8 and 45 °C temperature in time limit of 25 min. Feasibility of prepared nanocomposite was also checked by standard melamine samples and pre-treated spiked milk sample. Prepared nanocomposite gave a rapid sensitive detection of melamine with limit of detection 1.8 ppm and 77% recovery from spiked raw milk without using any costly instrument.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Spain)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Sharma K, Paradkar (2010) The melamine adulteration scandal. J Food Sect. 2:109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-009-0048-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. **n H, Stone R (2008) Chinese probe unmasks high-tech adulteration with melamine. J Sci 322:5906. http://www.ufrgs.br/actavet/42/042.htm

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gindl W, Zargar-Yaghubi F, Wimmer R (2003) Impregnation of softwood cell walls with melamine-formaldehyde resin. J Bio tech 87:3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00233-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nascimento CF, Santos PM, Pereira-Filho ER, Rocha FR (2017) Recent advances on determination of milk adulterants. J Food chem 221:1232–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Dobson RL, Motlagh S, Quijano M, Cambron RT, Baker TR, Pullen AM, Daston GP (2008) Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs. J Toxi Sci 106:1251–1262. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. **ao G, Li L, Yan A, He X (2019) Direct detection of melamine in infant formula milk powder solution based on SERS effect of silver film over nanospheres. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: J Mol Bio Spec 223:117269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gossner CME, Schlundt J, Ben Embarek P, Hird S, Lo-Fo-Wong D, Beltran JJO, Tritscher A (2009) The melamine incident: implications for international food and feed safety. J Env Health pers 117:121803–121808

    Google Scholar 

  8. Verma RK (2022) Selective detection of urea as milk adulterant using LMR based Fiber Optic Probe. J Food Compost Anal 114:104825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Strashnov I, Karunarathna NB, Fernando BR, Dissanayake C, Binduhewa KM (2021) An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for detection of melamine in milk powder. J Food Add Cont Part A 38:111805–111816. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2021.1937709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Abedini R, Jahed Khaniki G, Molaee Aghaee E, Sadighara P, Nazmara S, Akbari-Adergani B, Naderi M (2021) Determination of melamine contamination in chocolates containing powdered milk by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). J Env Health Sci Eng 19:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00590-w

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang Q, Deng X, Niu B, Lin H, **g J, Chen Q (2023) Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of melamine in liquid milk based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Spect Acta Part A: Mole Bio Spec 303:123143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Paranthaman R, Moses JA, Vidyalakshmi R (2024) Simultaneous detection of melamine and cyanuric acid using powder X-ray diffraction. J Food Saf Health 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh3.12039

  13. Zaib M, Malik T, Akhtar N, Shahzadi T (2022) Sensitive detection of sulphide ions using green synthesized monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles: comparative study. J Waste Bio Val 13:42447–42459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01665-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shahzadi T, Iqbal S, Riaz T, Zaib M (2022) A comparative study based on localized surface plasmon resonance optical characteristics of green synthesized nanoparticles towards spectrophotometric determination of cupric ions. J Taibah Univ Sci 16:11912–11922. https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2022.2123206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Siddiquee S, Saallah S, Bohari NA, Ringgit G, Roslan J, Naher L, Hasan Nudin NF (2021) Visual and optical absorbance detection of melamine in milk by melamine-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles. J Nano Mat 11:51142. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Selvaraj S, Ravi Shankaran D (2023) Nano enabled Plasmonic Strips for Colorimetric Detection of Food Adulterants. J Chem Soc 8:30e202302027

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liu DM, Dong C (2023) Gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes in food analysis: Progress and challenges. J Food Chem 136887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. ** H, Zhang M, Li H, Li S, Chen Q, Sun C, Zhang T (2012) Visual detection of melamine in raw milk by label-free silver nanoparticles. Food Cont 23:1191–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.07.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tyan YC, Yang MH, Jong SB, Wang CK, Shiea J (2009) Melamine contamination. J Ana Bio Chem 95:729–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3009-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lv D, Nong W, Guan Y (2022) Edible ligand-metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, structures, properties and applications. J Cord Chem Revi 450:214234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bodkhe GA, Khandagale DD, More MS, Deshmukh MA, Ingle NN, Sayyad PW, Shirsat MD (2023) Ag@ MOF-199 metal organic framework for selective detection of nickel ions in aqueous media. Ceram Intern 49:46772–46779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.10.135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gnanam S, Rajendran V (2010) Synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles by sol–gel process: effect of solvents on the optical properties. J Sol Gel Sci Tech 53:555–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-2131-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Melghit K, Bouziane K (2006) One step aqueous solution preparation of nanosize iron-doped tin oxide from SnO2· xH2O gel. J Mat Sci Eng 128:1–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2005.11.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shukla MK, Singh RP, Reddy CRK, Jha B (2012) Synthesis and characterization of agar-based silver nanoparticles and nanocomposite film with antibacterial applications. J Bio Tech 107:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chang K, Wang S, Zhang H, Guo Q, Hu X, Lin Z, HuJ (2017) Colorimetric detection of melamine in milk by using gold nanoparticles-based LSPR via optical fibers. J PLoS One 12:5e0177131. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cao Q, Zhao H, HeY LX, Zeng L, Ding N, Wang G (2010) Hydrogen-bonding-induced colorimetric detection of melamine by nonaggregation-based Au-NPs as a probe. J Bio Sen Bio Elec 25:122680–122685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Li N, Liu T, Liu SG, Lin SM, Fan YZ, Luo HQ, Li NB (2017) Visible and fluorescent detection of melamine in raw milk with one-step synthesized silver nanoparticles using carbon dots as the reductant and stabilizer. J Sen Act B Chem 248:597–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.03.068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. KasulaM LT, Thomsen A, Esfahani MR (2022) Silver metal organic frameworks and copper metal organic frameworks immobilized on graphene oxide for enhanced adsorption in water treatment. J Chem Eng 439:135542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gattu KP, Ghule K, Kashale A, A Patil V, B Phase D, Mane M, SHan R, Sharma SH, Ghule R AV (2015) Bio-green synthesis of Ni-doped tin oxide nanoparticles and its influence on gas sensing properties. J RSC Adv 5:8972849–8972856. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA13513C

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wang Y, Jiao WB, Wang JT, Liu GF, Cao HL, Lu J (2019) Amino- functionalized biomass-derived porous carbons with enhanced aqueous adsorption affinity and sensitivity of sulphonamide antibiotics. J Bio Tec 277:128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Abdelhamid A, Ahmed E, Awad EH, Ayoub HM MM (2023) Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of selenium nanoparticles incorporated nano- chitosan. J Poly Bul. 1–17

  32. Tan KL, Foo KY (2021) Facile synthesis of MIL-100 metal-organic framework via heatless technique for the adsorptive treatment of cationic and anionic pollutants. J Arab Chem 14:10103359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Elango G, Kumaran S, Kumar M, Muthuraja SS, Roopan S SM (2015) Green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity of phenolsulfonphthalein dye. J Spec Acta Mole Bimol Spect 145:176–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mourdikoudis S, Kostopoulou A, LaGrow AP (2021) Magnetic nanoparticle composites: synergistic effects and Applications. J Adv Sci 8:2004951. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202004951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tovilla Coutino MD, Passot L, Trelea S, Ropers IC, Gohon MH, Fonseca Y F (2023) Multiobjective optimization of frozen and freeze-dried Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 production via the modification of fermentation conditions. J App Micro 134:2lxad003

    Google Scholar 

  36. Al-Ghouti M, AKhraisheh M, Allen S, Ahmad M (2003) The removal of dyes from textile wastewater: a study of the physical characteristics and adsorption mechanisms of diatomaceous earth. J Env Mng 69:3229–3238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang H, Wang J, Hong J, Wei Q, Gao W, Zhu Z (2007) Preparation and characterization of silver nanocomposite textile. J Coat Tech Res 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-007-9001-8

  38. Dudek K, Podwórny J, Dulski M, Nowak A, Peszke J (2017) X-ray investigations into silica/silver nanocomposite. J Pow Diff 32:S1S82–S86. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715617000185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rajendrachari S, Basavegowda N, Adimule VM, Avar B, Somu PR, Baek MSK KH (2022) Assessing the Food Quality using Carbon Nanomaterial based electrodes by Voltammetric Techniques. J Bio sens 12:121173

    Google Scholar 

  40. Shaikh I, Sartale S (2023) Spin coated Ag NPs SERS substrate: trace detection study of methylene blue and melamine. J App Phy A 129:51–12

    Google Scholar 

  41. Chung CK, YuCY (2023) Unique high-performance metal-nanoparticle-free SERS substrate with rapid-fabricated hybrid 3D-Nano-Micro-cavities anodic alumina for label-free detection. J App Surf Sci 157731

  42. Bittar DB, Catelani TA, Nigoghossian K, Barud Hd S, Ribeiro S, JL Pezza L, Pezza HR (2017) Optimized synthesis of silver nanoparticles by factorial design with application for the determination of melamine in milk. J Anal Lett 50:829–841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ma Y, Niu H, Zhang X, Cai Y (2011) One-step synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles and visual detection of melamine in raw milk. J Anal 136:4192–4196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ding H, Xu S, Li M, Kong F, Luo Y, Li G (2013) Self-assembly of noble metallic spherical aggregates from monodisperse nanoparticles: their synthesis and pronounced SERS and catalytic properties. J Mater Chem A 1:3362–3371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. John Xavier S, Karthikeyan S, Gnana kumar C, Kim G, Yoo AR DJ (2014) Colorimetric detection of melamine using β-cyclodextrin-functionalized silver nanoparticles. J Anal Meth 6:8165–8172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhu X, **ao Y, Jiang X, Li J, Qin H, Huang H, Zhang Y, He X, Wang KA (2016) Ratiometric nanosensor based on conjugated polyelectrolyte-stabilized AgNPs for ultrasensitive fluorescent and colorimetric sensing of melamine. J Tala 151:68–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Alam M, Laskar F, Ahmed AA, Shaida S, Younus MA H (2017) Colorimetric method for the detection of melamine using in-situ formed silver nanoparticles via tannic acid. Spectrochim J Acta A 183:17–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Varun S, Kiruba Daniel SC, Gorthi G SS (2017) Rapid sensing of melamine in milk by interference green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. J Mater Sci Eng C 74:253–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Li D, Lv DY, Zhu QX, Li H, Chen H, Wu MM, Chai YF, Lu F (2017) Chromatographic separation and detection of contaminants from whole milk powder using a chitosan-modified silver nanoparticles surface-enhanced Raman scattering device. J Food Chem 224:382–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

There was not any funding for this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot, 51310, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Tayyaba Shahzadi, Hajra Bibi & Tauheeda Riaz

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan

    Maria Zaib

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology Iqbal Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Tabinda Malik

Authors
  1. Tayyaba Shahzadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hajra Bibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tauheeda Riaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maria Zaib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tabinda Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Tayyaba Shahzadi; coneptulization, methodology, project administration; Hajra Bibi; material preparation, writing original draft; Tauheeda Riaz, investigation and writing; Maria Zaib, methodology, investigation; Tabinda Malik; methodology and writing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tayyaba Shahzadi.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

It is declared that neither human or nor animal was involved for conduction of this research work.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shahzadi, T., Bibi, H., Riaz, T. et al. Visual and Sensitive Detection of Milk Adulterant Melamine by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Characteristics of Ag-MOF@Fe/SnO2 Nanocomposite. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02333-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02333-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation