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Geometrical Optimization of TiO2-Noble Metal Grating for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and SPR Biosensor Application

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Abstract

This work determines the optimization of 2D TiO2-noble metal thin film for its applications in photocatalysis and SPR (surface plasmon resonance) biosensing. The impact of noble metal thickness fixed on TiO2 is checked by using RF module in COMSOL Multiphysics. In this work, an optimal slit width of 400 nm is obtained, at which the absorption of light is enhanced due to the enhanced light matter interaction. Near- and far-field analysis is done to attain the optimized parameters. The optimized parameters are used for the photocatalytic degradation rates of organic pollutants like tetracycline (TC), methylene blue (MB), and phenol (Ph). The study examines the role of Ag layer thickness in photocatalysis. Experimental data align with simulations, indicating that a 160-nm Ag layer maximizes the degradation rate at 0.00692 per minute. This thickness optimizes charge transfer and amplifies surface plasmon resonance effects, crucial for efficient pollutant breakdown. Moreover, the SPR biosensor has been analyzed for the detection of bacteria in various liquid analytes. The maximum value of sensitivity is obtained as 2000 nm per refractive index unit (RIU), outperforming current SPR biosensors. The linear behavior between the variables confirms the biosensor’s precision in bacterial detection. This study contributes valuable insights into the design of TiO2-noble metal gratings for organic pollutant degradation and biosensor applications.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R667), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This work was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R667), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Author notes

  1. Tahir Iqbal, Munazzam Ali and Sayyam Ahsan contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Tahir Iqbal, Munazzam Ali, Sayyam Ahsan & Muhammad Farrooq

  2. Department of Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK

    Tahir Iqbal

  3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Sumera Afsheen

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Adel El-marghany

  5. Department of Chemistry, AN-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine

    Ismail Warad

Authors
  1. Tahir Iqbal
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  2. Munazzam Ali
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Contributions

Munazzam Ali contributed about conceptualization, methodology and original/initial draft, Tahir Iqbal contributed towards conceptualization, formal analysis and Supervision, Sumera Afsheen, Ismail Warad, and Sayyam Ahsan, contributed validation and review and editing, Adel El-marghny contributed for investigation and formal analysis whereas Muhammad Farooq contributed for visualization and review of final draft.

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Correspondence to Tahir Iqbal or Sayyam Ahsan.

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Iqbal, T., Ali, M., Ahsan, S. et al. Geometrical Optimization of TiO2-Noble Metal Grating for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and SPR Biosensor Application. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02198-4

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