Abstract
Vortex wave and plane wave, as two most fundamental forms of wave propagation, are widely applied in various research fields. However, there is currently a lack of basic mechanism to enable arbitrary conversion between them. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of extremely anisotropic acoustic metasurface (AM) to achieve the efficient conversion from 2D vortex waves with arbitrary orbital angular momentum (OAM) to plane waves. The underlying physics of this conversion process is ensured by the symmetry shift of AM medium parameters and the directional compensation of phase. Moreover, this novel phenomenon is further verified by analytical calculations, numerical demonstrations, and acoustic experiments, and the deflection angle and direction of the converted plane waves are qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by a simple formula. Our work provides new possibilities for arbitrary manipulation of acoustic vortex, and holds potential applications in acoustic communication and OAM-based devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction, Science 334(6054), 333 (2011)
B. Assouar, B. Liang, Y. Wu, Y. Li, J. C. Cheng, and Y. **g, Acoustic metasurfaces, Nat. Rev. Mater. 3(12), 460 (2018)
C. Shen, Y. **e, J. Li, S. A. Cummer, and Y. **g, Asymmetric acoustic transmission through near-zero-index and gradient-index metasurfaces, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(22), 223502 (2016)
Y. Fu, C. Shen, Y. Cao, L. Gao, H. Chen, C. T. Chan, S. A. Cummer, and Y. Xu, Reversal of transmission and reflection based on acoustic metagratings with integer parity design, Nat. Commun. 10(1), 2326 (2019)
X. D. Fan and L. Zhang, Acoustic orbital angular momentum hall effect and realization using a metasurface, Phys. Rev. Res. 3(1), 013251 (2021)
Z. Zou, R. Lirette, and L. Zhang, Orbital angular momentum reversal and asymmetry in acoustic vortex beam reflection, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125(7), 074301 (2020)
O. Y. Yermakov, A. I. Ovcharenko, A. A. Bogdanov, I. V. Iorsh, K. Y. Bliokh, and Y. S. Kivshar, Spin control of light with hyperbolic metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. B 94(7), 075446 (2016)
L. Li, H. Zhao, C. Liu, L. Li, and T. J. Cui, Intelligent metasurfaces: Control, communication and computing, eLight 2, 7 (2022)
B. Fang, D. Feng, P. Chen, L. Shi, J. Cai, J. Li, C. Li, Z. Hong, and X. **g, Broadband cross-circular polarization carpet cloaking based on a phase change material metasurface in the mid-infrared region, Front. Phys. 17(5), 53502 (2022)
Z. Hao, Y. Zhuang, Y. Chen, Y. Liu, and H. Chen, Effective medium theory of checkboard structures in the long-wavelength limit, Chin. Opt. Lett. 18(7), 072401 (2020)
X. Jiang, Y. Li, B. Liang, J. Cheng, and L. Zhang, Convert acoustic resonances to orbital angular momentum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117(3), 034301 (2016)
Y. Fu, C. Shen, X. Zhu, J. Li, Y. Liu, S. A. Cummer, and Y. Xu, Sound vortex diffraction via topological charge in phase gradient metagratings, Sci. Adv. 6(40), eaba9876 (2020)
Y. Fu, Y. Tian, X. Li, S. Yang, Y. Liu, Y. Xu, and M. Lu, Asymmetric generation of acoustic vortex using dual-layer metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(10), 104501 (2022)
S. Guo, Z. Ya, P. Wu, and M. Wan, A review on acoustic vortices: Generation, characterization, applications and perspectives, J. Appl. Phys. 132(21), 210701 (2022)
K. Y. Bliokh and F. Nori, Spin and orbital angular momenta of acoustic beams, Phys. Rev. B 99(17), 174310 (2019)
Y. **e, Y. Fu, Z. Jia, J. Li, C. Shen, Y. Xu, H. Chen, and S. A. Cummer, Acoustic imaging with metamaterial Luneburg lenses, Sci. Rep. 8(1), 16188 (2018)
C. Hu, S. Xue, Y. Yin, Z. Hao, Y. Zhou, and H. Chen, Acoustic super-resolution imaging based on solid immersion 3D Maxwell’s fish-eye lens, Appl. Phys. Lett. 120(19), 192202 (2022)
Z. Hao, Y. Zhou, B. Wu, Y. Liu, and H. Chen, Improving resolution of superlens based on solid immersion mechanism, Chin. Phys. B 32(6), 064211 (2023)
R. D. Muelas-Hurtado, K. Volke-Sepúlveda, J. L. Ealo, F. Nori, M. A. Alonso, K. Y. Bliokh, and E. Brasselet, Observation of polarization singularities and topological textures in sound waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129(20), 204301 (2022)
H. Zhang, Y. Sun, J. Huang, B. Wu, Z. Yang, K. Y. Bliokh, and Z. Ruan, Topologically crafted spatiotemporal vortices in acoustics, Nat. Commun. 14(1), 6238 (2023)
M. Liu, W. Zhu, P. Huo, L. Feng, M. Song, C. Zhang, L. Chen, H. J. Lezec, Y. Lu, A. Agrawal, and T. Xu, Multifunctional metasurfaces enabled by simultaneous and independent control of phase and amplitude for orthogonal polarization states, Light: Sci. Appl. 10(1), 107 (2021)
C. W. Qiu, T. Zhang, G. Hu, and Y. Kivshar, Quo vadis, metasurfaces, Nano Lett. 21(13), 5461 (2021)
Y. Y. Fu, J. Q. Tao, A. L. Song, Y. W. Liu, and Y. D. Xu, Controllably asymmetric beam splitting via gap-induced diffraction channel transition in dual-layer binary metagratings, Front. Phys. 15(5), 52502 (2020)
Z. Li, G. Cao, C. Li, S. Dong, Y. Deng, X. Liu, J. S. Ho, and C. W. Qiu, Non-Hermitian electromagnetic metasurfaces at exceptional points, Prog. Electromagn. Res. 171, 1 (2021)
L. Zhang and Q. Niu, Angular momentum of phonons and the Einstein–de Haas effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(8), 085503 (2014)
Y. Cao, B. Yu, Y. Fu, L. Gao, and Y. Xu, Phase-gradient metasurfaces based on local Fabry–Pérot resonances, Chin. Phys. Lett. 37(9), 097801 (2020)
X. Jiang, C. Shi, Y. Wang, J. Smalley, J. Cheng, and X. Zhang, Nonresonant metasurface for fast decoding in acoustic communications, Phys. Rev. Appl. 13(1), 014014 (2020)
H. Song, N. Wang, K. Yu, J. Pei, and G. P. Wang, Disorder-immune metasurfaces with constituents exhibiting the anapole mode, New J. Phys. 22(11), 113011 (2020)
Y. Li, S. Qi, and M. B. Assouar, Theory of metascreen-based acoustic passive phased array, New J. Phys. 18(4), 043024 (2016)
S. Chen, Y. Fan, F. Yang, K. Sun, Q. Fu, J. Zheng, and F. Zhang, Coiling-up space metasurface for high-efficient and wide-angle acoustic wavefront steering, Front. Mater. 8, 790987 (2021)
Y. Cao, Y. Fu, Q. Zhou, X. Ou, L. Gao, H. Chen, and Y. Xu, Mechanism behind angularly asymmetric diffraction in phase-gradient metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Appl. 12(2), 024006 (2019)
Z. Hu, N. He, Y. Sun, Y. **, and S. He, Wideband high-reflection chiral dielectrical metasurface, Prog. Electromagn. Res. 172, 51 (2021)
Y. Mazor and A. Alù, Routing optical spin and pseudospin with metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Appl. 14(1), 014029 (2020)
S. J. Li, Z. Y. Li, G. S. Huang, X. B. Liu, R. Q. Li, and X. Y. Cao, Digital coding transmissive metasurface for multi-OAM-beam, Front. Phys. 17(6), 62501 (2022)
Y. Xu, Y. Fu, and H. Chen, Planar Gradient Metamaterials, Nat. Rev. Mater. 1(12), 16067 (2016)
J. Li, A. Díaz-Rubio, C. Shen, Z. Jia, S. Tretyakov, and S. Cummer, Highly efficient generation of angular momentum with cylindrical bianisotropic metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11(2), 024016 (2019)
Q. Ba, Y. Zhou, J. Li, W. **ao, L. Ye, Y. Liu, J. Chen, and H. Chen, Conformal optical black hole for cavity, eLight 2, 19 (2022)
X. Meng, X. Chen, L. Yang, W. Xue, A. Zhang, W. E. I. Sha, and Q. Cheng, Launcher of high-order Bessel vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum by designing anisotropic holographic metasurface, Appl. Phys. Lett. 117(24), 243503 (2020)
Y. Shen, X. Wang, Z. **e, C. Min, X. Fu, Q. Liu, M. Gong, and X. Yuan, Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities, Light: Sci. Appl. 8(1), 901 (2019)
H. Wang, H. Wang, Q. Ruan, J. Y. E. Chan, W. Zhang, H. Liu, S. D. Rezaei, J. Trisno, C. W. Qiu, M. Gu, and J. K. W. Yang, Coloured vortex beams with incoherent white light illumination, Nat. Nanotechnol. 18(3), 2643 (2023)
X. D. Fan, Z. Zou, and L. Zhang, Acoustic vortices in inhomogeneous media, Phys. Rev. Res. 1(3), 032014 (2019)
A. Díaz-Rubio, V. S. Asadchy, A. Elsakka, and S. A. Tretyakov, From the generalized reflection law to the realization of perfect anomalous reflectors, Sci. Adv. 3(8), e1602714 (2017)
Z. Hao, H. Chen, Y. Yin, C. Qiu, S. Zhu, and H. Chen, Asymmetric conversion of arbitrary vortex fields via acoustic metasurface, Appl. Phys. Lett. 123(20), 201702 (2023)
Z. **, D. Janoschka, J. Deng, L. Ge, P. Dreher, B. Frank, G. Hu, J. Ni, Y. Yang, J. Li, C. Yu, D. Lei, G. Li, S. **ao, S. Mei, H. Giessen, F. M. zu Heringdorf, and C. W. Qiu, Phyllotaxis-inspired nanosieves with multiplexed orbital angular momentum, eLight 1, 5 (2021)
K. Y. Bliokh, E. Karimi, M. J. Padgett, M. A. Alonso, M. R. Dennis, et al., Roadmap on structured waves, J. Opt. 25(10), 103001 (2023)
X. Jiang, N. Wang, C. Zhang, X. Fang, S. Li, X. Sun, Y. Li, D. Ta, and W. Wang, Acoustic orbital angular momentum prism for efficient vortex perception, Appl. Phys. Lett. 118(7), 071901 (2021)
Y. Chen and G. Hu, Broadband and high-transmission metasurface for converting underwater cylindrical waves to plane waves, Phys. Rev. Appl. 12(4), 044046 (2019)
W. X. Jiang, T. J. Cui, H. F. Ma, X. Y. Zhou, and Q. Cheng, Cylindrical-to-plane-wave conversion via embedded optical transformation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(26), 261903 (2008)
Y. Guo, G. Zhu, W. Bian, B. Dong, and Y. Fang, Orbital angular momentum dichroism caused by the interaction of electric and magnetic dipole moments and the geometrical asymmetry of chiral metal nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. A 102(3), 033525 (2020)
F. Ding, A review of multifunctional optical gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces, Prog. Electromagn. Res. 174, 55 (2022)
M. Mazanov and O. Yermakov, Vortex dynamics and structured darkness of Laguerre–Gaussian beams transmitted through Q-plates under weak axial-asymmetric incidence, J. Lightwave Technol. 41(7), 2232 (2023)
M. Kang, Y. Ra’di, D. Farfan, and A. Alù, Efficient focusing with large numerical aperture using a hybrid metalens, Phys. Rev. Appl. 13(4), 044016 (2020)
Y. Cao, Y. Fu, J. H. Jiang, L. Gao, and Y. Xu, Scattering of light with orbital angular momentum from a metallic meta-cylinder with engineered topological charge, ACS Photonics 8(7), 2027 (2021)
C. Pfeiffer and A. Grbic, Metamaterial Huygens’ surfaces: Tailoring wave fronts with reflectionless sheets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(19), 197401 (2013)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0710100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92050102 and 12374410), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 20720220033 and 20720230102), and China Scholarship Council (No. 202106310002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Declarations The authors declare that they have no competing interests and there are no conflicts.
Supporting information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hao, Z., Chen, H., Yin, Y. et al. Efficient conversion of acoustic vortex using extremely anisotropic metasurface. Front. Phys. 19, 42202 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1371-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1371-6