Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that electromagnetic disturbances before earthquakes can be observed by satellites. In this study, we use the C-value method that includes the acoustic whistle signature; pre-seismic ionospheric electromagnetic disturbance signals were acquired based on the CSES-01 satellite electric field data, and the maximum value of C in the earthquake preparation zones increased continuously from 2.0 three days before the earthquake and reached a maximum weight of 3.0 on the day of the earthquake, after the earthquake, it gradually decreased and recovered to about 2.0; its the C values fluctuated between −2 and 3, it is different from the C values range −2–12 of the previous seismic case study using the DEMETER satellite, which may be related to the orbital altitude and revisit period of the satellite. Then, the C values were normalized, and the time series analysis of the obtained θ values were done, and the results showed that: In the pregnant zone, the background variation of the disturbance amplitude θ is within 2σ, and the maximum disturbance amplitude of θ starts to increase gradually from the seventh period (one period of 5 days, i.e., 35–39 days before the earthquake), it reached 2σ by the fourth pre-seismic cycle (20–24 days before the earthquake), and then dropped sharply to about 1.5σ in the third pre-seismic cycle (15–19 days before the earthquake), after two cycles of increase, the θ over the epicenter reached a maximum of 2.1σ at the time of the earthquake (combining the time of the earthquake and the satellite flight characteristics, the epicenter period is defined as January 25–January 29, 2020, and this defines the study time period line), and the θ decreases to within 2 times the standard range after the earthquake; The negative value of the disturbance amplitude θ in the central region of the pregnant seismic zone during the earthquake shows the transient energy release process. Through comparison, the θ values obtained by normalization based on the C-value method takes into account the variation of the background field, and the result can better reflect the energy change of the ionospheric field before the earthquakes.
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Acknowledgements
This work made use of the data from the CSES mission, a project funded by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and China Earthquake Administration (CEA). We thank Professor Xuemin ZHANG of the Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, for her guidance and comments during the research process of the paper, and thank Dr. Bo**g ZHU of Yunnan Observatories, CAS for polishing the English. We thank the reviewers for their suggestions and hard work. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42104159), the APSCO Earthquake Project (Phase II), ISSI-BJ International Team (Grant No. 2019-33), Dragon 5 Cooperation Proposal (Grant No. #59308).
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Huang, J., Zhang, F., Li, Z. et al. Disturbance identification of electric field data observed by the CSES-01 satellite before earthquakes. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 1814–1824 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1048-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1048-8