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Prototethyan orogenesis in southwest Yunnan and Southeast Asia

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Abstract

The Prototethyan Ocean has been suggested as an Early Paleozoic Ocean developed at the Gondwana northern margin. However, its spatial pattern, subduction style and closure time in SW Yunnan and SE Asia still remain unknown. The Prototethyan evolution in SW Yunnan and SE Asia and its internal connection with the South China Kwangsian (Ordo-Silurian) intracontinental orogenesis are also poorly constrained. By summarizing and analyzing the Early Paleozoic geological records in the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks, the eastern South China and SW Japan, this paper proposes the existence of a giant Ordo-Silurian igneous belt along the Gondwana northern margin. A preliminary limitation has been obtained regarding the source nature and migration pattern of the igneous belt. Our data allow us to propose a model of the Early Paleozoic Andean-type active continental margin along the East Gondwana northern margin. This is the foundation to determine the southward subduction of the southern branch of the eastern Prototethyan Ocean underneath the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks along the Yunxian-Menghai (SW Yunnan)-Thailand Peninsula and the Tam Ky-Phouc Son suture in Central Vietnam, respectively, and the eastward linkage with the Early Paleozoic Osaka subduction zone in SW Japan across the peripheral Sanya area. These data synthetically indicate an easterly-diachronous and propagating Andean-type Cambrian (Furongian)-Silurian (Llandovery) orogenesis along the Gondwana northern margin from Nepal, NW India, South Tibet, Qiangtang to Central Vietnam across South Indochina and Sibumasu. This paper reconstructs the Early Paleozoic locations of the Sibumasu and Indochina fragments, as well as SW Japan and South China continent in the Gondwana northern margin, and proposes the far-field effect on the South China Kwangsian intra-continental orogenesis from the subduction of the Early Paleozoic Prototethyan southern branch.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Drs. C-S GAN, Y-K WANG, X YANG, C XU, Z LIU and X-Q YU from Sun Yat-sen University for their experimental help and Dr. V. SENEBOUTTALATH for the ongoing support throughout the fieldwork from the Ministry of Energy and Mines, Vientiane, Lao DPR. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41830211 and U1701641) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 2018B030312007 and 2019B1515120019).

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  1. Guangdong Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Yuejun Wang, **anghong Lu, **n Qian, Sainan Wu, Yuzhi Zhang & Yang Wang

  2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Yuejun Wang, **n Qian, Yuzhi Zhang & Yang Wang

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Wang, Y., Lu, X., Qian, X. et al. Prototethyan orogenesis in southwest Yunnan and Southeast Asia. Sci. China Earth Sci. 65, 1921–1947 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9958-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9958-7

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