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Environmental differences between Japan and Indonesia provide endophyte diversity associated with Artemisia plant and variety of artemisinin derivatives in microbial conversion

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Abstract

We compared the endophytic compositions of Artemisia plant from different environments (Japan and Indonesia) to demonstrate that the endophytic filamentous fungi in both species differed based on their environments. To prove that the species were identical, both Artemisia plants were identified by comparing the scanning electron micrographs of their pollens, as well as the nucleotide sequences (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial maturase K) of the two gene regions. After isolating the endophytic filamentous fungi from each plant, we observed that those from Japan and Indonesia comprised 14 and 6 genera, respectively. We assumed that the genera, Arthrinium and Colletotrichum, which exist in both Artemisia species, were species-specific filamentous fungi, while the other genera were environment-dependent. In the microbial-conversion reaction with artemisinin as a substrate using Colletotrichum sp., the peroxy bridge of artemisinin, which is an active site for achieving antimalarial effect, was converted into an ether bond. However, the reaction using the environment-dependent endophyte did not eliminate the peroxy bridge. These endophytic reactions indicated the different roles of endophytes within Artemisia plants.

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Funding

Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program, JPMJSC15H1, Shoji Maehara, Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program, JPMJSC15H1, Andria Agusta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo,1 Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan

    Shoji Maehara, Mio Tagawa, Mako Shiose, Hibiki Yamasaki, Misato Kikuchi & Toshiyuki Hata

  2. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

    Ahmad Fathoni, Evana Evana & Andria Agusta

  3. Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

    Muhammad Ilyas & Marlina Adriyani

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  1. Shoji Maehara
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  2. Ahmad Fathoni
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  3. Mio Tagawa
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  11. Andria Agusta
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed in Japan by SM, MT, MS, HY, and MK. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed in Indonesia by AA, AF, EE, MI, and MA. Computational analyses were performed by TH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SM, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shoji Maehara.

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Conflict of interest

This work was supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program (SICORP, Grant Number JPMJSC15H1, Japan), Fukuyama University (Hiroshima, Japan) and Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (Bogor, Indonesia).

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Maehara, S., Fathoni, A., Tagawa, M. et al. Environmental differences between Japan and Indonesia provide endophyte diversity associated with Artemisia plant and variety of artemisinin derivatives in microbial conversion. J Nat Med 77, 916–927 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-023-01709-7

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