Abstract
Purpose
Over the past three decades, open-pit mining has been expanding in arid and semi-arid areas of China.Open-pit mining profoundly changes the soil environment and has a profound impact on the circulation of soil water in the aeration zone.Therefore, this research explores the impacts of open-pit coal mining on soil moisture processes in the semi-arid grasslands of Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–500 cm at Shengli No. 1 open-pit mine’s inner dump and a nearby natural grassland. These soil samples were analyzed for stable isotope characteristics (\({\delta ^2 H, \delta ^{18} O}\)) and moisture content. Collection of underground water samples inside and outside the mining area for conductivity analysis.
Results and discussion
Soil evaporation loss in the mine’s inner dump was significantly higher than in the grassland, with rates of 22.26% for \({\delta ^{18} O}\) and 6.61% for \({\delta ^2 H}\). The limiting depth of soil evaporation at the mine was found to be 260 cm, compared to 200 cm in the grassland. The increased underground water conductivity in the mine area was linked to heightened soil evaporation loss. Isotopic profiling of the soil indicated that the open-pit mining led to deeper preferential flow infiltration during heavy precipitation, reaching 280 cm in the mine area versus 220 cm in the grassland.
Conclusions
The surface soil moisture content (SMC) increased due to mining activities intensified water-heat exchanges with the atmosphere, leading to more frequent and severe wet-dry cycles. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of open-pit mining’s impact on SMC, evaporation, and infiltration in semi-arid areas, offering critical insights for ecological reclamation and sustainable mine construction.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11368-024-03840-8/MediaObjects/11368_2024_3840_Fig8_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data will be made available on request.
References
Abakumov EV, Cajthaml T, Brus J et al (2013) Humus accumulation, humification, and humic acid composition in soils of two post-mining chronosequences after coal mining. J Soils Sediments 13(3):491–500
Appels WM, Ireson AM, Barbour SL (2018) Impact of bimodal textural heterogeneity and connectivity on flow and transport through unsaturated mine waste rock. Adv Water Resour 112:254–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.12.008
Bao Z, Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ et al (2020) Faro waste rock project: characterizing variably saturated flow behavior through full-scale waste-rock dumps in the continental subarctic region of northern canada using field measurements and stable isotopes of water. Water Resour Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026374
Barbour SL, Hendry MJ, Carey SK (2016) High-resolution profiling of the stable isotopes of water in unsaturated coal waste rock. J Hydrol 534:616–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.053
Barnes C, Allison G (1983) The distribution of deuterium and 180 in dry soils 1. theory. J Hydrol 60:141–156
Benettin P, Volkmann THM, von Freyberg J et al (2018) Effects of climatic seasonality on the isotopic composition of evaporating soil waters. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22(5):2881–2890. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018
Beyer M, Koeniger P, Gaj M et al (2016) A deuterium-based labeling technique for the investigation of rooting depths, water uptake dynamics and unsaturated zone water transport in semiarid environments. J Hydrol 533:627–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.037
Bi Y, Peng S, Du S (2021) Technological difficulties and future directions of ecological reconstruction in open pit coal mine of the arid and semi-arid areas of western china. J China Coal Soc 46(5):1355–1364
Brunori AME, Sdringola P, Dini F et al (2017) Carbon balance and life cycle assessment in an oak plantation for mined area reclamation. J Cleaner Prod 144:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.116
Chai Y, **ao C, Li M et al (2021) Conversion relationship between groundwater and surface water in the taizi river basin in china based on geochemical and isotopic characteristics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(16):20045–20057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11896-5
Chen L, Qiu Q, Wang P et al (2022) Visualization study on preferential flow in highly saturated and super hydrophilic porous media by combining dye tracking and infrared imaging. J Hydrol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128077
Craig H, Gordon L (1965) Isotopic oceanography: deuterium and oxygen 18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. Occasional Publication - Narragansett Marine Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, p 277
Dhar A, Sahoo S, Mandal U et al (2015) Hydro-environmental assessment of a regional ground water aquifer: Hirakud command area (india). Environ Earth Sci 73(8):4165–4178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3703-x
Du W, Chen L, He Y et al (2022) Spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater in open-pit coal mining: A case study from baorixile coal mine, hailaer basin, china. Geofluids 2022:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8753217
Duncan C, Good MK, Sluiter I et al (2020) Soil reconstruction after mining fails to restore soil function in an australian arid woodland. Restor Ecol 28:A35–A43. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13166
Evaristo J, Jasechko S, McDonnell JJ (2015) Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow. Nature 525(7567):91–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14983
Feng Y, Wang J, Liu T et al (2019) Using computed tomography images to characterize the effects of soil compaction resulting from large machinery on three-dimensional pore characteristics in an opencast coal mine dump. J Soils Sediments 19(3):1467–1478
Fu Q, Yan P, Li T et al (2018) Effects of straw mulching on soil evaporation during the soil thawing period in a cold region in northeastern china. J Earth Syst Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-018-0933-4
Gaj M, McDonnell JJ (2019) Possible soil tension controls on the isotopic equilibrium fractionation factor for evaporation from soil. Hydrol Processes 33(11):1629–1634. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13418
Gaj M, Beyer M, Koeniger P et al (2016) In situ unsaturated zone water stable isotope measurements in semi-arid environments: a soil water balance. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 20(2):715–731. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-715-2016
Gang L, Jun L, Yexin L et al (2017) Preferential flow characteristics of reclaimed mine soils in a surface coal mine dump. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5977-4
Gangi L, Rothfuss Y, Ogee J et al (2015) A new method for in situ measurements of oxygen isotopologues of soil water and carbon dioxide with high time resolution. Vadose Zone J. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.11.0169
Gazis C, Feng XH (2004) A stable isotope study of soil water: evidence for mixing and preferential flow paths. Geoderma 119(1–2):97–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00243-x
Gharres S (1990) Evaporation from the soil surface (water loss, surface psychrometer). PhD thesis, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham
Gibson JJ, Reid R (2014) Water balance along a chain of tundra lakes: A 20-year isotopic perspective. J Hydrol 519:2148–2164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.011
Gibson JJ, Birks SJ, Edwards TWD (2008) Global prediction of δa and δ2h-δ18o evaporation slopes for lakes and soil water accounting for seasonality. Global Biogeochem Cy. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb002997
Gonfiantini R (1986) Environmental isotopes in lake studies. Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry. Terrestrial Environ 2:113–168
Graham CB, Lin HS (2011) Controls and frequency of preferential flow occurrence: A 175-event analysis. Vadose Zone J 10(3):816–831. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0119
Hao Y, Wang Y, Huang X et al (2007) Seasonal and interannual variation in water vapor and energy exchange over a typical steppe in inner mongolia, china. Agric For Meteorol 146(1–2):57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.05.005
Hendry MJ, Wassenaar LI, Barbour SL et al (2018) Assessing the fate of explosives derived nitrate in mine waste rock dumps using the stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen. Sci Total Environ 640–641:127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.275
Hester ET, Little KL, Buckwalter JD et al (2019) Variability of subsurface structure and infiltration hydrology among surface coal mine valley fills. Sci Total Environ 651:2648–2661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.169
Horita J, Wesolowski DJ (1994) Liquid-vapor fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water from the freezing to the critical temperature. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58(16):3425–3437. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020190745
Javaux M, Rothfuss Y, Vanderborght J et al (2016) Isotopic composition of plant water sources. Nature 536(7617):E1–E3. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18946
Kan X, Cheng J, Hu X et al (2019) Effects of grass and forests and the infiltration amount on preferential flow in karst regions of China. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081634
Kaufmann G, Romanov D (2019) The initial phase of cave formation: Aquifer-scale three-dimensional models with strong exchange flow. J Hydrol 572:528–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.053
Kline JR, Jordan CF (1968) Tritium movement in soil of tropical rain forest. Science (New York, NY) 160(3827):550–1. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.160.3827.550
Landwehr J, Coplen T (2006) Line-conditioned excess: a new method for characterizing stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in hydrologic systems. International Conference On Isotopes In Environmental Studies IAEA, Vienna pp 132–135
LeMone MA, Chen F, Alfieri JG et al (2007) Ncar/cu surface, soil, and vegetation observations during the international h2o project 2002 field campaign. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88(1):65–81. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-88-1-65
Li C, Gao X, Li S et al (2020) A review of the distribution, sources, genesis, and environmental concerns of salinity in groundwater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(33):41157–41174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10354-6
Li F, Wang D, You Y et al (2022) The application of biochar mitigated the negative effects of freeze-thaw on soil and nutrient loss in the restored soil of the alpine mining area. Front Environ Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1053843
Li M, Yao J, Yan R et al (2021) Effects of infiltration amounts on preferential flow characteristics and solute transport in the protection forest soil of southwestern china. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091301
Li S, Wang Z, Li S et al (2013) Effect of plastic sheet mulch, wheat straw mulch, and maize growth on water loss by evaporation in dryland areas of china. Agr Water Manage 116:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.004
Li Y, Huo S, Guo J et al (2023) Using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes to estimate soil water evaporation loss under continuous evaporation conditions. Hydrol Processes. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14885
Liu Y, Liu F, Xu Z et al (2015) Variations of soil water isotopes and effective contribution times of precipitation and throughfall to alpine soil water, in wolong nature reserve, china. Catena 126:201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.008
Lyu S, Wang J, Song X et al (2021) The relationship of δd and δ18o in surface soil water and its implications for soil evaporation along grass transects of tibet, loess, and inner mongolia plateau. J Hydrol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126533
Mahindawansha A, Külls C, Kraft P et al (2020) Investigating unproductive water losses from irrigated agricultural crops in the humid tropics through analyses of stable isotopes of water. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 24(7):3627–3642. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3627-2020
Mahmood FN, Barbour SL, Kennedy C et al (2017) Nitrate release from waste rock dumps in the elk valley, british columbia, canada. Sci Total Environ 605–606:915–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.253
Nicholls EM, Drewitt GB, Fraser S et al (2019) The influence of vegetation cover on evapotranspiration atop waste rock piles, elk valley, british columbia. Hydrol Processes 33(20):2594–2606. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13542
Peng S, Bi Y (2020) Strategic consideration and core technology about environmental ecological restoration in coal mine areas in the yellow river basin of china. J China Coal Soc 45(4):1211–1221
Qiu D, Zhu G, Lin X et al (2023) Dissipation and movement of soil water in artificial forest in arid oasis areas: Cognition based on stable isotopes. Catena. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107178
Quinn R, Parker A, Rushton K (2018) Evaporation from bare soil: Lysimeter experiments in sand dams interpreted using conceptual and numerical models. J Hydrol 564:909–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.011
Quiroz Londoño OM, Martínez DE, Massone HE et al (2015) Spatial distribution of electrical conductivity and stable isotopes in groundwater in large catchments: a geostatistical approach in the quequén grande river catchment, argentina. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 51(3):411–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2015.1056740
Rothfuss Y, Merz S, Vanderborght J et al (2015) Long-term and high-frequency non-destructive monitoring of water stable isotope profiles in an evaporating soil column. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19(10):4067–4080. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4067-2015
Ruth CE, Michel D, Hirschi M et al (2018) Comparative study of a long established large weighing lysimeter and a state of the art mini lysimeter. Vadose Zone J 17(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.01.0026
Smith EA, Capel PD (2018) Specific conductance as a tracer of preferential flow in a subsurface-drained field. Vadose Zone J 17(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.11.0206
Sperow M (2006) Carbon seqnestration potential in reclaimed mine sites in seven east-central states. J Environ Qual 35(4):1428–1438. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0158
Sprenger M, Erhardt M, Riedel M et al (2016a) Historical tracking of nitrate in contrasting vineyards using water isotopes and nitrate depth profiles. Agr Ecosyst Environ 222:185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.014
Sprenger M, Leistert H, Gimbel K et al (2016b) Illuminating hydrological processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface with water stable isotopes. Rev Geophys 54(3):674–704. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015rg000515
Sprenger M, Seeger S, Blume T et al (2016c) Travel times in the vadose zone: Variability in space and time. Water Resour Res 52(8):5727–5754. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018077
Sukhija BS, Reddy DV, Nagabhushanam P et al (2003) Recharge processes: piston flow vs preferential flow in semi-arid aquifers of india. Hydrogeol J 11(3):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0243-3
Tang W, Li F, **ang G et al (2022) Investigation on flow field characteristics in an open-pit coal mine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(18):27585–27594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18160-4
Tarafdar S, Bruijnzeel LA, Kumar B (2019) Improved understanding of spring and stream water responses in headwaters of the indian lesser himalaya using stable isotopes, conductivity and temperature as tracers. Hydrolog Sci J 64(7):757–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1600698
Thomas EM, Lin H, Duffy CJ et al (2013) Spatiotemporal patterns of water stable isotope compositions at the shale hills critical zone observatory: Linkages to subsurface hydrologic processes. Vadose Zone J. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.01.0029
Trautz AC, Smits KM, Schulte P et al (2013) Sensible heat balance and heat-pulse method applicability to in situ soil-water evaporation. Vadose Zone J 13(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0215
Tugwell-Wootton T, Skrzypek G, Dogramaci S et al (2020) Soil moisture evaporative losses in response to wet-dry cycles in a semiarid climate. J Hydrol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125533
Vannoppen W, Vanmaercke M, De Baets S et al (2015) A review of the mechanical effects of plant roots on concentrated flow erosion rates. Earth-Sci Rev 150:666–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.08.011
Villeneuve SA, Barbour SL, Hendry MJ et al (2017) Estimates of water and solute release from a coal waste rock dump in the elk valley, british columbia, canada. Sci Total Environ 601–602:543–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.040
Volkmann THM, Haberer K, Gessler A et al (2016) High-resolution isotope measurements resolve rapid ecohydrological dynamics at the soil-plant interface. New Phytol 210(3):839–849. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13868
Wang J, Chen S, Han L et al (2023) Experimental study on the influence of sandstone gradation on the water storage capacity of a pore-space reservoir in a waste dump of an open-pit coal mine. Hydrogeology J 31(8):2021–2039
Welch C, Barbour SL, Hendry MJ (2021) The geochemistry and hydrology of coal waste rock dumps: A systematic global review. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148798
Wu J, Ding Y, Ye B et al (2012) Stable isotopes in precipitation in xilin river basin, northern china and their implications. Chinese Geogr Sci 22(5):531–540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-012-0543-z
**ang W, Si BC, Biswas A et al (2019) Quantifying dual recharge mechanisms in deep unsaturated zone of chinese loess plateau using stable isotopes. Geoderma 337:773–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.10.006
** annual land disturbance and reclamation in a surface coal mining region using google earth engine and the landtrendr algorithm: A case study of the shengli coalfield in inner mongolia, china. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101612
**ng Z, Peng S, Du W et al (2018) Hydrogeological changes caused by opencast coal mining in steppe zone: a case study of shengli 1 open-pit coal mine. Desalin and Water Treat 121:126–133. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22376
Xu G, Lu K, Li Z et al (2015) Temporal stability and periodicity of groundwater electrical conductivity in luohuiqu irrigation district, china. CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water 43(7):995–1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400488
Xu G, Huang M, Li P et al (2021) Effects of land use on spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture within profiles. Environ Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09464-2
Yan M, Fan L, Wang L (2020) Restoration of soil carbon with different tree species in a post-mining land in eastern loess plateau, china. Ecol Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106025
Yang Y, Fu B (2017) Soil water migration in the unsaturated zone of semiarid region in china from isotope evidence. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 21(3):1757–1767. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1757-2017
Yang Y, Guo T, Jiao W (2018) Destruction processes of mining on water environment in the mining area combining isotopic and hydrochemical tracer. Environ Pollut 237:356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.002
Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang S et al (2022a) Soil moisture variability affected by sand mulch: An isotope-based assessment of irrigated farmland in northwest china. Ecohydrology. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2477
Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y et al (2022) Evaluating the soil evaporation loss rate in a gravel-sand mulching environment based on stable isotopes data. J Arid Land 14(8):925–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-022-0101-1
Yu K, Qu Z, Xue Z (2018) Structural characteristics and genetic mechanism of shengli coalfield in erlian basin. Coal Geol Explor 46(6):59–66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2018.06.008
Yuan M, Ouyang J, Zheng S et al (2022) Research on ecological effect assessment method of ecological restoration of open-pit coal mines in alpine regions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137682
Zhang G, Zhou G, Chen F et al (2014) A trial to improve surface heat exchange simulation through sensitivity experiments over a desert steppe site. J Hydrometeorol 15(2):664–684. https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0113.1
Zhang K, Lj Xu, Huang Gd et al (2020) Coupled variations of soil temperature and moisture in reclaimed fields filled with coal gangue of different grain size distributions. J Soils Sediments 20(4):2248–2259
Zhang W, An S, Xu Z et al (2011) The impact of vegetation and soil on runoff regulation in headwater streams on the east qinghai-tibet plateau, china. Catena 87(2):182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.020
Zhang Y, Niu J, Zhang M et al (2016) Interaction between plant roots and soil water flow in response to preferential flow paths in northern china. Land Degrad Dev 28(2):648–663. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2592
Zhang Y, Cao Z, Hou F et al (2021) Characterizing preferential flow paths in texturally similar soils under different land uses by combining drainage and dye-staining methods. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020219
Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang J et al (2022) Estimation of evaporation of different cover types using a stable isotope method: Pan, bare soil, and crop fields in the north china plain. J Hydrol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128414
Zhao M, Huang Y, Lei T et al (2023) Changes of preferential flow in short-rotation eucalyptus plantations: field experiments and modeling. J Hydrol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129663
Zhao Y, Wang L (2023) Coordination of available soil water content and root distribution modifies water source apportionment of the shrub plant caragana korshinskii. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165893
Zhou Z, Wang J, Su R et al (2019) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in xinchang preselected site and their implications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(28):34734–34745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07208-1
Zhu D, Chen T, Zhen N et al (2020) Monitoring the effects of open-pit mining on the eco-environment using a moving window-based remote sensing ecological index. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(13):15716–15728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08054-2
Zhu G, Yong L, Zhang Z et al (2021) Effects of plastic mulch on soil water migration in arid oasis farmland: Evidence of stable isotopes. Catena. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105580
Zimmermann U, Munnich KO, Roether W et al (1966) Tracers determine movement of soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Science (New York, NY) 152(3720):346–7. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.152.3720.346
Zobrist J, Sima M, Dogaru D et al (2009) Environmental and socioeconomic assessment of impacts by mining activities-a case study in the certej river catchment, western carpathians, romania. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16(S1):14–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-008-0068-2
Funding
This research is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1303303), Synergistic Technology of Carbon Sink Construction and Solid Waste Utilization in Coal Mine Area of Yellow River Basin (2022-YRUC-01-0304), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42272286), the Open Funding of Key Laboratory of Industrial Safety Accident Analysis, Monitoring and Early Warning, Ministry of Emergency Management (OF2301).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publish
This manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, and they have approved to submit and publish it in this journal.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Sarah Pariente
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Peng, S., He, Y. et al. Alterations in soil moisture dynamics due to open-pit coal mining semi-arid regions: Perceptions based on soil water stable isotopes and underground water conductivity analysis. J Soils Sediments (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03840-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03840-8