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Effects of biochar and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nosZ-N2O reducers in the mitigation of N2O emissions from paddy soils

  • Soils, Sec 5 • Soil and Landscape Ecology • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Paddy fields are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. The application of biochar or the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to paddy soils have been proposed as technologies to mitigate N2O emissions, but their mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods

An experiment was undertaken to study the combined and individual effects of biochar and DMPP on N2O emission from a paddy field. Changes in soil microbial community composition were investigated. Four fertilized treatments were established as follows: fertilizer only, biochar, DMPP, and biochar combined with DMPP; along with an unfertilized control.

Results

The application of biochar and/or DMPP decreased N2O emission by 18.9–39.6% compared with fertilizer only. The combination of biochar and DMPP exhibited higher efficiency at suppressing N2O emission than biochar alone but not as effective as DMPP alone. Biochar promoted the growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while DMPP suppressed AOB and increased AOA. Applying biochar with DMPP reduced the impact of DMPP on AOB. The nirS-/nirK- denitrifiers were decreased and nosZ-N2O reducers were increased by DMPP and the combination of DMPP and biochar. The abundance of the nirK gene was increased by biochar at the elongation and heading stages of rice development. Compared with fertilizer only, the application of biochar and/or DMPP promoted the abundance of nosZ genes.

Conclusion

These results suggest that applying biochar and/or DMPP to rice paddy fields is a promising strategy to reduce N2O emissions by regulating the dynamics of ammonia oxidizers and N2O reducers.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41807107), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2017YFD0200708, 2018YFD0200200).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China

    Jie Li, Shuai Wang, Lili Zhang & Zhijie Wu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Shuai Wang

  3. AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand

    Jiafa Luo & Stuart Lindsey

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  1. Jie Li
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  2. Shuai Wang
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  3. Jiafa Luo
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  4. Lili Zhang
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Correspondence to Jiafa Luo.

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Jie Li and Shuai Wang contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.

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Li, J., Wang, S., Luo, J. et al. Effects of biochar and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nosZ-N2O reducers in the mitigation of N2O emissions from paddy soils. J Soils Sediments 21, 1089–1098 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02811-z

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