Abstract
The intensification of livestock farming can pose risks to the environment due to the increased use of veterinary products and the generation of waste in confined areas. The quality of water bodies near livestock establishments (Areco River (A) and Doblado stream (D), San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was studied by physicochemical parameters, metals, pesticides, emerging contaminants, and lethal and sublethal toxicity (neurotoxicity and oxidative stress) in larvae of the native amphibian Rhinella arenarum. Six sites were selected: upstream (S1A and S1D), at the level (S2A and S2D), and downstream (S3A and S3D) from the establishments. A low concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed in Doblado stream (< 2.34 mg/L). Cu, Mn, V, and Zn exceeded the limits for the protection of aquatic life at various sites. Between 24 and 34 pesticides were detected in all sites, with 2,4-D, atrazine, and metolachlor being the most recurrent. In water and sediment, the concentrations of ivermectin (S2A, 1.32 μg/L and 58.18 μg/kg; S2D, 0.8 μg/L and 85.22 μg/kg) and oxytetracycline (S2A, < 1 mg/L and < 1 mg/kg; S2D, 11.8 mg/L and 39 mg/kg) were higher at sites near the establishments. All sites caused between 30 and 38.3% of lethality and produced neurotoxicity and alterations in the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, larvae exposed to samples from all sites incorporated ivermectin. These results demonstrate the degradation of the studied sites in relation to the agricultural activities of the area, highlighting the need to take measures to protect and preserve aquatic ecosystems.
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This study was supported by research grants from Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (PICT 2020–02201 and 00187–2021).
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All authors contributed to the development of this study. Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing were performed by Julieta Peluso. On the other hand, Agostina Martínez Chehda contributed to the formal analysis of data and investigation. Melisa Olivelli, Federico M. Ivanic, Florencia Gonzalez, Lautaro Valenzuela, Virginia Aparicio, Eduardo De Geronimo, Matías Butler, and Roberto J. Candal performed the determination of different contaminants. Carolina M. Aronzon played a role in contributing resources, offering visualization and conceptualization, supervision, overseeing project administration, and reviewing and editing the manuscript. All authors whose names appear on the submission (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Peluso, J., Martínez Chehda, A., Olivelli, M.S. et al. Impacts of cattle management and agricultural practices on water quality through different approaches: physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34059-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34059-2