Abstract
The Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) is a by-product of the electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) industry, containing high concentrations of potential pollutants such as NH4+-N and soluble Mn2+. These components pose a serious threat to the ecological environment. To explore accurate, efficient, and harmless treatment methods for EMR, this study proposes a low-temperature thermochemical approach. The orthogonal experiment design investigates the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, quicklime (CaO), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) (Reviewer #3), and water consumption on manganese solidified and ammonia removal from EMR. The results indicate that optimal conditions are a reaction temperature of 60 ℃ (Reviewer #3) and a reaction time of 10 min. CaO precipitates Mn2+ as manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)2) (Reviewer #3), achieving effective manganese solidified and ammonia removal. The addition of Na2CO3 causes Mn2+ to form manganesecarbonate (MnCO3) (Reviewer #3)precipitate, while Na3PO4 makes Mn2+ form Manganese phosphate trihydrate (Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O) (Reviewer #3). Increased water consumption enhances the interaction adequacy between ions. Under optimal conditions (CaO 10%, Na2CO3 1%, Na3PO4 0.5%, and 80% water consumption), the removal rate of ammonium ions reaches 98.5%, and the solidification rate of soluble Mn2+ is 99.9%. The order of influence on ammonium ion removal is CaO > water consumption > Na3PO4 > Na2CO3. Therefore, this study provides a new method for low-cost process disposal and efficient harmless treatment of EMR (Reviewer #3).
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The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was financially supported by Guangxi science and technology development strategy research project: science and technology support Guangxi solid waste new material industry development path and policy recommendations (Guike ZL23014014), 202305–202404.
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Zhihan **e: conceptualization, date curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, original draft preparation, review, and editing. Rong** Liu: conceptualization, project administration, methodology, review and editing, funding acquisition, resources. Fuhua Lu: methodology, conceptualization, project administration, review and editing. Daiyan **g: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, review, and editing. Yanrong Zhao: conceptualization, review and editing. Jianbo Liang: conceptualization, investigation, software, validation. Wanyu Huang: software, date curation, validation. Yuhang Liu: methodology, software.
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**e, Z., Liu, R., Lu, F. et al. Study on harmless treatment of electrolytic manganese residue by low temperature thermochemical method. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 42342–42356 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33932-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33932-4