Abstract
This study uses aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud properties data to investigate the influence of aerosol on the cloud properties over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. The study regions are divided as the western part of the Tibetan Plateau (WTP), the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), and the Sichuan Basin (SCB). All three regions show significant cloud effects under low aerosol loading conditions. In WTP, under low aerosol loading conditions, the effective radius of liquid cloud particles (LREF) decreases with the increase of aerosol loading, while the effective radius of ice cloud particles (IREF) and cloud top height (CTH) increase during the cold season. Increased aerosol loading might inhibit the development of warm rain processes, transporting more cloud droplets above the freezing level and promoting ice cloud development. During the warm season, under low aerosol loading conditions, both the cloud microphysical (LREF and IREF) and macrophysical (cloud top height and cloud fraction) properties increase with the increase of aerosol loading, likely due to higher dust aerosol concentration in this region. In IGP, both LREF and IREF increase with the increase in aerosol loading during the cold season. In SCB, LREF increases with the increase in aerosol loading, while IREF decreases, possibly due to the higher hygroscopic aerosol concentration in the SCB during the cold season. Meteorological conditions also modulate the aerosol-cloud interaction. Under different convective available potential energy (CAPE) and relative humidity (RH) conditions, the influence of aerosol on clouds varies in the three regions. Under low CAPE and RH conditions, the relationship between LREF and aerosol in both the cold and warm seasons is opposite in the WTP: LREF decreases with the increase of aerosol in the cold season, while it increases in the warm season. This discrepancy may be attributed to a difference in the moisture condition between the cold and warm seasons in this region. In general, the influence of aerosols on cloud properties in TP and its adjacent regions is characterized by significant nonlinearity and spatial variability, which is likely related to the differences in aerosol types and meteorological conditions between different regions.
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Data availability
MERRA-2 aerosol data are from https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/M2TMNXAER_5.12.4/summary?keywords=MERRA, the ERA5 data are from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview, and the CLARA-A2 data are from https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=CLARA_AVHRR_V002.
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Funding
This study was jointly supported by the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School (202302AP370003), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42075086 and 41905126) and the Technological Innovation Capacity Enhancement Program of Chengdu University of Information Technology (KYQN202301).
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Chengqiang Wei: conceptualization; methodology; writing—original draft; software. Pengguo Zhao: methodology; conceptualization; writing—review and editing; software. Yuting Wang: software and formal review. Yuan Wang: software. Shuying Mo: formal review. Yunjun Zhou: formal review.
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Wei, C., Zhao, P., Wang, Y. et al. Aerosol influence on cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 30174–30195 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33247-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33247-4