Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a pervasive pollutant in the marine environment. Pantai Teluk Likas in Sabah, Malaysia is one of the most visited beaches where tourism, recreational, and fisheries activities are high in this area. Hence, the area suffers from severe pollution, particularly from plastics. This study aims to quantify the microplastic composition in terms of color, shapes, and polymer types in marine bivalves (Anadara granosa, Glauconome virens, and Meretrix lyrata) and water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. All samples were digested using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and incubated in the oven for at least 48 h. Serial filtration was done for each sample before they were observed under the dissecting microscope. The microplastics were identified and counted based on their physical attributes which were colors and shapes. The functional group of the polymers was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics were found present in all samples collected. G. virens had the highest abundance of microplastics at 113.6 ± 6.5 particles/g followed by M. lyrata at 78.4 ± 3.7 particles/g. On the contrary, A. granosa had the least microplastics with an abundance of 24.4 ± 0.6 particles/g. Meanwhile, 110.0 ± 36.2 particles/L of microplastics were found in water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. Based on the analysis, fibers were the most common shape in bivalves, while fibers and films were common in the water column. In terms of colors, black, blue, and red were a few of the most abundant colors observed in both samples. The most common polymer detected in all bivalve species and water column samples is polycarbonate (PC), followed by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Future study that focuses on the correlation between microplastic abundance in the marine biota and the water column is recommended to better understand microplastic availability and exposure.
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The data will be made available upon request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance given by fellow postgraduate students and staff of the Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI) of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). This research was approved by Sabah Biodiversity Center Access (SBCA) with the license reference no. JKM/MBS.1000-212 JLD.15 (39).
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This research is funded by Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) via Skim Penyelidikan Pensyarah Lantikan Baru (SLB2217) and Skim UMSGreat code number GUG0560-1/2022.
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Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work were made by N.N.A.R. and N.M. N.N.A.R. and N.M. were also involved in drafting the work and revising it critically for important intellectual content. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were collectively done by N.N.A.R., S.S.S., M.N.A.N., A.S.S., and N.M. A.B. and H.H. assisted in the interpretation of data. The manuscript was written by N.N.A.R. and assisted by others. All authors gave consent for publication of the content and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
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This study complied with animal ethics approved by the Animal Ethics Committee University Malaysia Sabah (AEC UMS) (AEC0010/2023).
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Abd Rahman, N.N., Mazlan, N., Shukhairi, S.S. et al. Evaluation of the microplastics in bivalves and water column at Pantai Teluk Likas, North Borneo, Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 23178–23192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32628-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32628-z