Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) can be reused as a positive additive to strengthen soft soil. In this study, MSWIFA was initially used as a supplementary solidification material in combination with ordinary Portland cement to prepare fly ash cement-stabilized soil (FACS) with silty sand and silty clay, respectively. The ratio of MWSIFA to total mass was 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the cement content was set as 10% and 15%. The mechanical properties of FACS were evaluated by unconfined compressive strength test. The heavy metal-leaching test was conducted to estimate the environmental risk of FACS. The scanning electron microscope was used to test the micro-structure of FACS. The X-ray diffraction was performed to analyze material composition of FACS. The result indicates that the collaborative solidification of soft soil with MSWIFA and cement is feasible. Regarding the silty clay, the FA had positive effects on the silty clay in the service age (between 50 and 100% with 15% MSWIFA), as the MSWIFA reformulated the initial silty clay structure, resulting in interconnection and pore fill between particles. It can be founded that C–S–H and ettringite are the main products of MSWIFA and cement hydration, which are formed by the hydration of C3S and C2S. Regarding the silty sand, the MSWIFA decreased the peak strength (between 35 and 48% with 15% MSWIFA) but increased the ductility of the stabilized cement. Under the same mix proportions, the leaching toxicities of Zn and Pb in FACS of silty clay were obviously lower than were those of silty sand. Generally, the leaching concentrations of tested metals under all the mix proportions were well below the limit value set by GB 18598-2019 for hazardous waste landfill. Thus, the reuse of MSWIFA in cement-stabilized soil would be one of the effective methods in soft soil treatment and solid waste reduction.
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Abbreviations
- MSWIFA:
-
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash
- UCS:
-
Unconfined compressive strength
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- HMs:
-
Heavy metals
- FACS:
-
Fly ash cement-stabilized soil
- PCS:
-
Pure cement-stabilized soil
- CaO:
-
Calcium oxide
- AFt:
-
Acicular ettringite
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Funding
This work was supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2020-MS4-110), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42007250), National Nata Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42067045, 4207250) and the Systematic Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety (Grant No. 2019ZDK029).
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Zong-Hui Liu contributed to conceptualization, resource, formal analysis, data curation, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. Jia-Qi Li contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, writing—origin draft, writing—review and editing. **ao-Lei Zhang contributed to formal analysis, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. Hao-Dong Li, Dong-Po Su, and Jia-Wei Liang contributed to data curation, validation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Liu, ZH., Li, JQ., Zhang, XL. et al. MSWIFA and cement cooperate in the disposal of soft soil — experimental study on silty sand and silty clay. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8150–8163 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31686-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31686-z