Abstract
Achieving carbon neutrality has become a global common goal. For China, to reach peak carbon emissions and long-term carbon neutrality, the transformation and development of resource-based cities are essential. This study uses data from 114 prefecture-level resource-based cities from 2008 to 2019 as a sample and empirically tests the impact of industrial land mismatch on carbon emissions using the fixed effects model. In addition, we analyze the heterogeneous influence of environmental regulation as a moderating effect on resource-based cities at different development stages. The study reveals that (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the imbalance in industrial land supply in resource-based cities and carbon emissions. The more severe the imbalance, the higher the carbon emissions. The improper supply mode of industrial land is also positively correlated with carbon emissions, although the impact is not significant. (2) Environmental regulation can significantly curb the carbon emission issues caused by the mismatch and imbalance in the scale of industrial land supply and the improper supply mode of industrial land. (3) Compared to strong resource-based cities, weak resource-security cities have a smaller impact on carbon emissions due to an imbalance in the supply of industrial land. This is mainly because resources in weak resource-security cities are becoming exhausted, making “ecology first, green and low carbon” the main tune for economic and social development. Both types of cities show a positive correlation between the improper supply of industrial land and carbon emissions, although neither is significant. (4) The intensity of the regulatory effect of environmental regulations on resource-based cities is influenced by resource abundance. The suppression of carbon emissions by environmental regulations is more apparent in strong resource-security cities than in weak resource-security cities.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Beraud JJD, Zhao XC, Wu JY (2022) Revitalization of Chinese’s manufacturing industry under the carbon neutral goal (Article). Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(44):66462–66478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20530-5
Bryan BA, Crossman ND, Nolan M, Li J, Navarro J, Connor JD (2015) Land use efficiency: anticipating future demand for land-sector greenhouse gas emissions abatement and managing trade-offs with agriculture, water, and biodiversity (Article). Glob Chang Biol 21(11):4098–4114. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13020
Chen W, Chen WJ, Ning SY, Liu EN, Zhou X, Wang YA et al (2019) Exploring the industrial land use efficiency of China’s resource-based cities (Article). Cities 93:215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.009
Chuai XW, **a MY, Ye X, Zeng QJY, Lu JY, Zhang FT et al (2022) Carbon neutrality check in spatial and the response to land use analysis in China (Article). Environ Impact Assess Rev 97:12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.106893
Dong XQ, Zhong Y, Liu MK, **ao W, Qin C (2022) Research on the impacts of dual environmental regulation on regional carbon emissions under the goal of carbon neutrality-the intermediary role of green technology innovation (Article). Front Environ Sci 10:13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.993833
Du WJ, Li MJ (2021) The impact of land resource mismatch and land marketization on pollution emissions of industrial enterprises in China (Article). J Environ Manag 299:9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113565
Feng YC, Wang XH, Du WC, Wu HY, Wang JT (2019) Effects of environmental regulation and FDI on urban innovation in China: a spatial Durbin econometric analysis (Article). J Clean Prod 235:210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.184
Harper AB, Powell T, Cox PM, House J, Huntingford C, Lenton TM et al (2018) Land-use emissions play a critical role in land-based mitigation for Paris climate targets (Article). Nat Commun 9:13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05340-z
Hotak S, Islam M, Kakinaka M, Kotani K (2020) Carbon emissions and carbon trade balances: international evidence from panel ARDL analysis (Article). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(19):24115–24128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08478-w
Houghton RA (2018) Interactions between land-use change and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks (Article). Curr Clim Chang Reports 4(2):115–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0099-9
Jia LJ, Hu XL, Zhao ZW, He B, Liu WM (2022) How environmental regulation, digital development and technological innovation affect China’s green economy performance: evidence from dynamic thresholds and system GMM panel data approaches (Article). Energies 15(3):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030884
Kaur S, Geetha G (2020) SIMHAR-smart distributed web crawler for the hidden web using SIM plus hash and redis server (Article). IEEE Access 8:117582–117592. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004756
Kong HJ, Shi LF, Da D, Li ZJ, Tang DC, **ng W (2022) Simulation of China’s carbon emission based on influencing factors (Article). Energies 15(9):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093272
Kumagai S, Yoshioka T (2021) Chemical feedstock recovery from hard-to-recycle plastics through pyrolysis-based approaches and pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Review). Bull Chem Soc Jpn 94(10):2370–2380. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20210219
Montanarella L, Panagos P (2021) The relevance of sustainable soil management within the European Green Deal (Article). Land Use Policy 100:6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104950
Oh H, Hong I, Oh I (2021) South Korea’s 2050 carbon neutrality policy (Article). East Asian Policy 13(01):33–46. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793930521000039
Park N-B (2021) Trends and implications of carbon neutral scenarios in the world and major countries (research-article). J Energy Clim Chang 16(1):51–68. https://doi.org/10.22728/jecc.2021.16.1.051
Qin Y, Xu JL, Zhang HX, Ren WQ (2023) The measurement of the urban-rural integration level of resource-exhausted cities-a case study of Zaozhuang City, China (Article). Sustainability 15(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010418
Qu YCM, Zhang ZO, Feng YC (2020) Effects of land finance on resource misallocation in Chinese cities during 2003–2017: a dynamic panel econometric analysis (Article). Discret Dyn Nat Soc 2020:10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2639024
Redlin M, Gries T (2021) Anthropogenic climate change: the impact of the global carbon budget (Article). Theoret Appl Climatol 146(1–2):713–721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03764-0
Reick CH, Raddatz T, Pongratz J, Claussen M (2010) Contribution of anthropogenic land cover change emissions to pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 (Article). Tellus Ser B-Chem Phys Meteorol 62(5):329–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00479.x
Richter DD, Houghton RA (2011) Gross CO2 fluxes from land-use change: implications for reducing global emissions and increasing sinks (Article). Carbon Manag 2(1):41–47. https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.10.43
Scuderi A, Cammarata M, Branca F, Timpanaro G (2021) Agricultural production trends towards carbon neutrality in response to the EU 2030 Green Deal: economic and environmental analysis in horticulture (Article). Agric Econ-Zemedelska Ekonomika 67(11):435–444. https://doi.org/10.17221/145/2021-agricecon
Searchinger TD, Wirsenius S, Beringer T, Dumas P (2018) Assessing the efficiency of changes in land use for mitigating climate change (Article). Nature 564(7735):249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0757-z
Shuai CY, Chen X, Wu Y, Tan YT, Zhang Y, Shen LY (2018) Identifying the key impact factors of carbon emission in China: results from a largely expanded pool of potential impact factors (Article). J Clean Prod 175:612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.097
Sun XM, Zhang HT, Ahmad M, Xue CK (2022) Analysis of influencing factors of carbon emissions in resource-based cities in the Yellow River basin under carbon neutrality target (Article). Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(16):23847–23860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17386-6
Tao MM, Failler P, Goh LT, Lau WY, Dong HH, **e L (2022) Quantify the effect of China’s emission trading scheme on low-carbon eco-efficiency: evidence from China’s 283 cities (Article). Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Chang 27(6):33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-022-10015-8
van Marle MJE, van Wees D, Houghton RA, Field RD, Verbesselt J, van der Werf GR (2022) New land-use-change emissions indicate a declining CO2 airborne fraction (Article). Nature 603(7901):450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04376-4
Wang L, Pei J, Geng J, Niu Z (2019) Tracking the spatial-temporal evolution of carbon emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: a land use perspective (Article). Sustainability 11(17):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174531
Wang B, Huang CY, Wang HM, Liao FW (2022) Impact factors in Chinese construction enterprises’ carbon emission-reduction intentions (Article). Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(24):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416929
Wen B, Pan YH, Zhang YY, Liu JJ, **a M (2018) Does the exhaustion of resources drive land use changes? Evidence from the influence of coal resources-exhaustion on coal resources-based industry land use changes (Article). Sustainability 10(8):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082698
Wu J, Bai ZK (2022) Spatial and temporal changes of the ecological footprint of China’s resource-based cities in the process of urbanization (Article). Resour Policy 75:12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102491
Wu S, Hu SG, Frazier AE (2021) Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of carbon emissions in three industrial land spaces in China from 1997 to 2016 (Article). Technol Forecast Soc Chang 169:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120837
Yan D, Kong Y, Ye B, Shi YK, Zeng XY (2019) Spatial variation of energy efficiency based on a Super-Slack-Based Measure: evidence from 104 resource-based cities (Article). J Clean Prod 240:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117669
Yang W, Jiang XL (2018a) Evaluating sustainable urbanization of resource-based cities based on the McKinsey matrix: case study in China. J Urban Plan Dev 144(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000423
Yang W, Jiang XL (2018b) Evaluating sustainable urbanization of resource-based cities based on the mckinsey matrix: case study in China (Article). J Urban Plan Dev 144(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000423
Yang YH, Peng ZW, Tang DL (2022) The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on carbon neutrality in China: new evidence based on the spatial measurement model (Article; Early Access). Energy Environ 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x221140578
Zhang W, Li GX, Uddin MK, Guo SC (2020) Environmental regulation, foreign investment behavior, and carbon emissions for 30 provinces in China (Article). J Clean Prod 248:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119208
Zhang X, Li M, Li Q, Wang YA, Chen W (2021) Spatial threshold effect of industrial land use efficiency on industrial carbon emissions: a case study in China (Article). Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(17):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179368
Zhang ZH, Shang YZ, Zhang GX, Shao S, Fang JY, Li PX et al (2023a) The pollution control effect of the atmospheric environmental policy in autumn and winter: evidence from the daily data of Chinese cities (Article). J Environ Manage 343:19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118164
Zhang ZH, Zhang GX, Hu Y, Jiang YT, Zhou C, Ma JH (2023b) The evolutionary mechanism of haze collaborative governance: novel evidence from a tripartite evolutionary game model and a case study in China (Article). Human Soc Sci Commun 10(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01555-8
Acknowledgements
We thank all the participating researchers, editors and reviewers for their valuable comments and hard work.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Social Science Found of China (21BMZ050). This research was also funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72004037 and 42161046).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
**long Xu is responsible for the concept, research methods software operation, and first draft and revision of the paper; Yun Qin completed the empirical analysis, data verification, and revision of the paper; Deheng **ao completed the data collection; Ruihong Li completed the formal analysis; Hexiong Zhang completed the inspection of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, J., Qin, Y., **ao, D. et al. The impact of industrial land mismatch on carbon emissions in resource-based cities under environmental regulatory constraints—evidence from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29458-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29458-w