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Examining the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve in OECD Countries Considering their Population

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Abstract

This research aims to examine the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in 37 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries over the period from 1960 to 2019. Panel Quantile Regressions (QR) show that for the lower quartile, economic growth does not impact emissions; for the central quartile a U-shaped curve emerges; while for the upper quartile, an N-shaped curve is found. In addition, cointegrating regressions highlight that economic growth, fossil fuel consumption, and population exert a detrimental effect on the environment, while renewable energy consumption reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. These results are confirmed by panel causality tests since a feedback mechanism is found between CO2 emissions and the remaining series. Furthermore, single-country estimates provide evidence of great variability in the sample.

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Source: authors’ elaborations in STATA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

    Hêriş Golpîra

  2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Heibatolah Sadeghi

  3. Department of Political Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy

    Cosimo Magazzino

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  3. Cosimo Magazzino
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The conception and design of the study were performed by Hêriş Golpîra and Cosimo Magazzino. Hêriş Golpîra, Heibatolah Sadeghi, and Cosimo Magazzino collected the data, carried out the experiments, summarized the results, and wrote the first draft manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Golpîra, H., Sadeghi, H. & Magazzino, C. Examining the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve in OECD Countries Considering their Population. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 94515–94536 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28923-w

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