Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. has been confirmed to be a potential Cd hyperaccumulator by some researchers, but the dynamic and real-time uptake of Cd2+ influx by B. pilosa root apexes was a conundrum up to now. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of salinity and pH variations on the characteristics of Cd2+ influx around the root apexes of B. pilosa. The tested seedlings of B. pilosa were obtained by sand culture experiments in a greenhouse after 1 month from germination, and the Cd2+ influxes from the root apex of B. pilosa under Cd treatments with different salinity and pH levels were determined with application of non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). The results showed that Cd2+ influxes at 300 μm from the root tips decreased under Cd treatments with 5 mM and 10 mM NaCl, as compared to Cd stress alone. However, Cd treatments with 2.5 mM NaCl had little effect on the net Cd2+ influxes, as compared to Cd treatments alone. Importantly, Cd treatments at pH = 4.0 markedly increased Cd2+ influxes in roots, and Cd treatment at pH = 7.0 had no significant effect on the net Cd2+ influxes compared to Cd treatments at pH = 5.5. Results also showed that Cd treatments with 10 mM NaCl significantly decreased concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b in leaves and root vigor of B. pilosa relative to Cd treatments alone, while there were no significant differences between Cd treatments with 2.5 mM NaCl and Cd treatments alone. But root vigor was inhibited significantly under Cd treatments with 5 mM and 10 mM NaCl. A significant increase of root vigor was observed in Cd treatments at pH = 4.0, as compared to pH = 5.5. The Cd treatments with high and medium concentrations of NaCl inhibited the uptake of Cd by B. pilosa roots and affected the Chl and root vigor further. But the Cd treatments at pH = 4.0 could promote the Cd uptake and root vigor. Our results revealed the uptake mechanisms of B. pilosa as a potential phytoremediator under different salinity and pH levels combined with Cd contamination and provided a new idea for screening ideal hyperaccumulator and constructing evaluation system.
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The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Open Fund of Cultivation State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Shaanxi University of Technology, China (SLGPT2019KF04-02), Scientific research project of City-University co-construction of Shaanxi Province, China (SXJ-2101), the project of Foreign Experts Bureau of Shaanxi province of China, China (G2022040018L, 2022WGZJ-20, G2021041011L, G20200241015, and S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0001), Scientific Research Funds for the Innovation Team Construction Plan of Shenyang Ligong University (SYLUTD202103), and Shenyang Scientific Plan Project (21–109-3–06).
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Siqi Wang: data processing, writing—original draft, and detection; Hui** Dai: data curation, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing; Shuang Cui: validation and data curation; Chengzhi Jiang: validation and data curation; Dandan Ji: resources, cultivation, and detection; Lidia Skuza: validation and writing—review and editing; Lianzhen Li: detection and data processing; Dariusz Grzebelus: validation and writing—review and editing; Shuhe Wei: conceptualization, methodology, project administration, and supervision. All authors have agreed for authorship and read and approved the manuscript.
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Wang, S., Dai, H., Cui, S. et al. The effects of salinity and pH variation on hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa L. accumulating cadmium with dynamic and real-time uptake of Cd2+ influx around its root apexes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 41435–41444 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25213-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25213-3