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Field validated biomarker (ValidBIO) based assessment of impacts of various pollutants in water

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Abstract

The sensitivity of fish towards pollutants serves as an excellent tool for the analysis of water pollution. The effluents generated from various anthropogenic activities may contain heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and ultimately find its way to aquatic environment. The enzymatic activities of fish collected from water bodies near major cities, oil spillage sites, agricultural land, and intensively industrialized areas have been reported to be significantly impacted in various field studies. These significant alterations in enzymatic activities act as a biomarker for monitoring purposes. The use of biomarkers not only helps in the identification of known and unknown pollutants and their detrimental health impacts, but also identifies the interaction between pollutants and organisms. The conventional method majorly used is physicochemical analysis, which is recognized as the backbone of the system for monitoring water quality. In physicochemical monitoring, major problems exist in assessing or predicting biological effects from chemical or physical data. Xenobiotic-induced enzymatic changes in fish may serve as an intuitive and efficient biomarker for determining contaminants in water bodies. Therefore, field validated biomarker (ValidBIO) approach needs to be integrated in water quality monitoring program for environmental health risk assessment of aquatic life impacted due to various point and non-point sources of water pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, for granting the permission for writing this review paper and for the continuous support and encouragement. The authors would also like to thank Ms. Shaheen Akhtar for indirect support.

Funding

This work was supported by the grant sanctioned by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Delhi, under Early Career Research Award Scheme. Dr. Kanchan Kumari has received financial support from SERB.

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  1. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700107, India

    Kanchan Kumari

  2. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Senerita Swamy

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KK conceptualized the work, visualized the review, prepared the draft, critically analyzed the data, revised the whole work, and finalized the manuscript. SS performed the literature and data search and equally participated in preparation of the draft and performed summarization of data under the supervision of KK.

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Correspondence to Kanchan Kumari.

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Kumari, K., Swamy, S. Field validated biomarker (ValidBIO) based assessment of impacts of various pollutants in water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 5347–5370 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24006-4

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