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Hydrothermal carbonization of alfalfa: role of processing variables on hydrochar properties

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Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization of alfalfa is a potential way to reuse agricultural waste. However, the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the properties of alfalfa-derived hydrochar are not clear. Herein, this study investigated the impact of different synthesis conditions (e.g., heating temperature, heating time, and solid to liquid ratio) on the formation and properties of hydrochar. Characterization and thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that with the increase of hydrothermal temperature and the extension of time, cellulose in alfalfa broken down more completely, and the number of carbon spheres and the aromatization degree increased, while the functional groups decreased. Furthermore, there was a surge in the carbon content, fixed carbon yield, high heating value, reduced oxygen, and volatile content. Additionally, the enhancement solid–liquid ratio could effectively improve the energy and mass yields. In all, by adjusting the process parameters of hydrochar, cleaner and higher productivity products could be obtained. This study provides theory basis for the production of target hydrochar that is used to soil amendments, adsorbents, and energy sources in the future.

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Funding

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (41625002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42007113), International Cooperation and Exchange Programme (41961144030), Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation (LBH-Z19004), Black Soil Typical Organic Pollution Process and Key Abatement Technology (XDA28010502), and Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Protection and Remediation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Jun Zhou

  2. Heilongjiang Research Academy of Environmental Science, Harbin, 150056, China

    Jun Zhou

  3. School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Mingjie Yu, Jianhua Qu, Modupe Sarah Akindolie, Fuxuan Bi, Yang Liu, Zhao Jiang, Lei Wang, Bo Zhang & Ying Zhang

  4. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Rd, Changchun, 130102, China

    Ying Zhang

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  1. Jun Zhou
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  2. Mingjie Yu
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  3. Jianhua Qu
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  4. Modupe Sarah Akindolie
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  5. Fuxuan Bi
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  7. Zhao Jiang
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  8. Lei Wang
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  9. Bo Zhang
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  10. Ying Zhang
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Contributions

Jun Zhou: formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft. Mingjie Yu: conceptualization, investigation, writing—original draft. Jianhua Qu: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft. Modupe Sarah Akindolie: investigation, methodology, writing—review and editing. Fuxuan Bi: formal analysis. Yang Liu: investigation. Zhao Jiang: resources. Lei Wang: resources. Bo Zhang: resources. Ying Zhang: conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition.

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Zhou, J., Yu, M., Qu, J. et al. Hydrothermal carbonization of alfalfa: role of processing variables on hydrochar properties. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 85300–85311 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21740-7

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